Assessment of older drivers: relationships among on-road errors, medical conditions and test outcome

PROBLEM: It is essential that driver licensing authorities have a valid and reliable system for evaluating older drivers' continuing competency; road tests are usually required as part of such a system. This study sought to find information about the nature of driving errors made during license review tests, and about relationships between error type and test outcome for older drivers. METHOD: Data from licensing authority files from 533 road tests during a 12-month period were analyzed; medical and other referral information was included. Average driver age was 76 years. Performance scores were generated for intersection negotiation, lane changing, low speed manoeuvres, positioning and speed control, safety margin, and car control. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis showed that test outcome was well predicted by a subset of driving performance scores; adding driver age to the model explained very little variance. Age alone was strongly associated with outcome. Relationships between referral information and test outcome are also reported. IMPACT: Results highlight several factors relevant to the development of more valid and reliable road tests for older drivers.     

火电厂FGD装置性能试验有关问题的探讨

针对目前我国还没有专门针对烟气脱硫(FGD)装置性能试验规程的情况,对于火电厂FGD性能试验的内容和标准、现场测量的特点、测点布置和测量方法的选择、试验工况和试验时间的要求等问题,进行了介绍和探讨,以期为脱硫装置性能试验的实践提供一些建议和参考.     

基于驾驶适宜性检测的沙漠公路驾驶员视觉特性分析

利用动体视力检测仪,对沙漠公路行车途中汽车驾驶员进行包括静视力和动体视力在内的视觉特性的实地测试,并就获得的1004个有效样本的检测数据进行统计整理,对受测驾驶员静、动体视力总体情况及其与驾驶员年龄、驾龄、持续行车时间、检测时的气温等因素之间的关系进行分析研究。对驾驶员视觉特性的实测分析表明:沙漠公路受测驾驶员静视力和动体视力平均值分别为1.3和0.7;动体视力相对于静视力的平均下降幅度为44.75%,远高于绿洲地区。关联度分析也表明,驾驶员的年龄、驾龄、驾车时间以及测试温度4项因素对其静视力、动视力以及视力降幅均具有较强的相关性,关联度均在0.76以上。     

隧道火灾拱顶附近烟气最高温度的研究

为了研究顶部开口的城市隧道在采用自然通风模式下的火灾特性,在已建成的隧道中设计并实施了全尺寸火灾试验,得到了隧道火灾自然通风模式下的拱顶附近烟气最高温度纵向变化数据。通过实验数据与理论预测结果对比的方法验证了H.Kurioka等人建立的隧道火羽流模型及其计算公式的可靠性,为市政公路隧道建设提供了科学依据,为隧道火灾的研究及其消防工作提供理论指导和有益借鉴。     

可持续发展实验区灾害风险定量估算方法研究

作者将探索性数据分析方法引入区域灾害风险的定量估算，系统地建立了区域灾害风险的定量估算方法。计算实例表明，文中给出的方法可便捷地用于可持续发展实验区灾害风险评估。     

NUMERICAL MODEL OF A TRACER TEST ON THE SANTA CLARA RWER,VENTURA COUNTY,CALIFORNIA1

ABSTRACT: To better understand the flow processes, solute-trans. port processes, and ground-water/surface-water interactions on the Santa Clara River in Ventura County, California, a 24-hour fluorescent-dye tracer study was performed under steady-state flow conditions on a 45-km reach of the river. The study reach includes perennial (uppermost and lowermost) subreaches and ephemeral subreaches of the lower Piru Creek and the middle Santa Clara River. The tracer-test data were used to calibrate a one-dimensional flow model (DAFLOW) and a solute-transport model (BLTM). The dye-arrival times at each sample location were simulated by calibrating the velocity parameters in DAFLOW. The simulations of dye transport indicated that (1) ground-water recharge explains the loss of mass in the ephemeral middle subreaches, and (2) ground-water recharge does not explain the loss of mass in the perennial uppermost and lowermost subreaches. The observed tracer curves in the perennial subreaches were indicative of sorptive dye losses, transient storage, and (or) photodecay - these phenomena were simulated using a linear decay term. However, analysis of the linear decay terms indicated that photodecay was not a dominant source of dye loss.     

广州市在用机动车排气抽检工作若干问题探讨

介绍了广州市在用机动车抽检工作情况和程序,分析了排气抽检工作中存在的问题,提出了解决问题的建议和方法。     

本煤层瓦斯抽采渗流模型及数值模拟

在研究煤层瓦斯抽采时,假定煤岩为具有孔隙裂隙的双重介质,在运动方程、连续性方程和辅助方程基础上,以煤岩体应变为耦合媒介建立了考虑裂隙瓦斯渗流、微孔隙吸附瓦斯解吸扩散和煤岩变形的渗流模型.借助多物理场分析软件COMSOL Multiphysics,将模型转化为偏微分方程组,结合沙曲矿24305工作面瓦斯赋存条件进行分析求解.结果表明,进行煤层瓦斯预抽时,抽采初期瓦斯压力下降较快,抽采孔间距对抽采效果影响比较显著,距离抽采孔越远瓦斯压力下降越慢,抽采时瓦斯渗流速度变化可分3个阶段.参考模拟结果现场布置孔距为6m的顺层钻孔,抽采稳定时瓦斯纯量达5～7 m3/min,抽采效果比较理想.     

可靠性强化试验技术在平板电视电源模块研发中的应用

简要介绍了可靠性强化试验技术原理与特点,总结了其在平板电视电源模块研发阶段中的应用方法,着重阐述了试验过程和五个类型的试验剖面;引述了激发应力范围的统计学方法,并给出了部分产品应用实施可靠性强化试验技术的典型案例,说明其在激发暴露产品设计、工艺缺陷等方面的突出效果。     

二氧化碳灭火系统扑灭风电机组舱内火灾试验研究

为有效遏制全国多地风力发电机组火灾事故的势头,基于灭火系统在风电机组防火设计中的重要性,提出采用二氧化碳灭火系统对风电机舱进行灭火保护的解决方案。在建造国内首台风电机组火灾模拟试验装置的基础上,通过试验研究二氧化碳灭火系统在常温状态和低温状态下对风电机组火灾的灭火能力。结果表明,该灭火系统能够对风力发电机组进行全淹没灭火保护,适用于空间狭小且结构复杂的风电机舱;在低温条件下,其喷放时间和灭火时间虽比常温状态下长,但灭火效能并未降低。