栅控行波管栅网振动特性分析及材料优化

栅网是栅控行波管中抗振性能最薄弱的部件,其振动特性的分析尤其重要。本文采用ANSYS分析软件,构造了栅网的有限元模型,提取了栅网结构的固有频率和模态振型,并与模态试验结果进行比较和修正。在此基础上,对栅网材料进行了优化设计,对当今行波管生产单位选用新型的栅网材料具有参考作用。     

胚胎绒毛膜对微塑料颗粒与镉联合作用的影响

利用胚胎发育技术和代谢组学技术,以100nm(n-PS)和70～250μm(μ-PS)两种粒径的聚苯乙烯(Polystyrene,PS)颗粒为研究对象,从微塑料与胚胎绒毛膜相互作用这个角度,探讨了不同粒径微塑料颗粒和镉(Cd)对斑马鱼胚胎发育联合毒性的差异.结果表明,Cd单独暴露、及其与n-PS和μ-PS联合暴露中,胚...     

Microplastic contamination in Great Lakes fish

Freshwater ecosystems, generally adjacent to human population and more contaminated relative to adjacent marine ecosystems, are vulnerable to microplastic contamination. We sampled 7 species of fish from Lake Ontario and Lake Superior and assessed their gastrointestinal (GI) tracts to quantify ingested microplastics and other anthropogenic particles. A subset of the microparticles were chemically analyzed to confirm polymer types and anthropogenic origins. We documented the highest concentration of microplastics and other anthropogenic microparticles ever reported in bony fish. We found 12,442 anthropogenic microparticles across 212 fish (8 species) from nearshore Lake Ontario, 943 across 50 fish (1 species) from Humber River, and 3094 across 119 fish (7 species) from Lake Superior. Fish from Lake Ontario had the greatest mean abundance of anthropogenic microparticles in their GI tracts (59 particles/fish [SD 104]), with up to 915 microparticles in a single fish. Fish from Lake Superior contained a mean [SD] of 26 [74] particles/fish, and fish from Humber River contained 19 [14] particles/fish. Most particles were microfibers. Overall, ≥90% of particles were anthropogenic, of which 35-59% were microplastics. Polyethylene (24%), polyethylene terephthalate (20%), and polypropylene (18%) were the most common microplastics. Ingestion of anthropogenic particles was significantly different among species within Lake Ontario (p < 0.05), and the abundance of anthropogenic particles increased as fish length increased in Lake Ontario (ρ = 0.62). Although we cannot extrapolate the concentration of microplastics in the water and sediments of these fish, the relatively high abundance of microplastics in the GI tracts of fish suggests environmental exposure may be above threshold concentrations for risk.     

乌鲁木齐南部大气及降尘中微塑料的形貌特征

采用体视显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散光谱（EDS）等对乌鲁木齐南部大气总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）及降尘样品中微塑料的颜色、成分及形貌等特征进行分析.结果表明，TSP和降尘中存在纤维、碎片和薄膜等多种形状的微塑料，且TSP和降尘中的微塑料分别以纤维状（81.8%和86.2%）和碎片状（56.3%~68.4%）为主；通过FTIR鉴定出TSP和降尘中的塑料成分主要是聚乙烯，聚丙烯和聚苯乙烯；SEM发现纤维状微塑料表面较为光滑，有少量的裂痕，上面分布少量碎屑；碎片状微塑料边缘卷曲破碎，形状不规则，破损程度高，表面黏附大量的颗粒物；EDS分析表明微塑料中以C和O元素为主，还包含Si、Na、Zn等元素.结果可为进一步了解乌鲁木齐大气微塑料的污染情况提供基础数据支撑.