载乙醇活性炭在微波场中的升温行为研究

研究了载乙醇活性在微波场中的升温行为，主要包括水和乙醇在微波场中的升温情况，以及微波功率，活性炭量，氮气线速对活性炭升温行为的影响，结果表明，水与乙醇在微波场中能吸收微波能，从而使其温度升高，微波功率越大，活性炭升值越快，活性炭最高温度也更高，活性炭少于5g时温度上升速率随活性炭量的增加而加快，活性炭量多于5g时则相反，氮气线速增加，活性炭升温速率下降，活性炭最高温度降低。     

微波辐射棉秆制备优质活性炭研究

研究了以棉秆废料为原料，采用微波辐射氯化锌法制备活性炭的可行性，探讨了微波功率、活化时间及氯化锌浓度对产品活性炭各项指标的影响。得到了微波辐射氯化锌法制备活性炭的最佳工艺：微波功率560W、活化时间6min、氯化锌浓度50％。用此工艺条件制得的活性炭碘吸附值：1030．2mg／g、亚甲基蓝脱色力180mL／g、得率36．82％。工艺所需活化时间为传统方法的1／36，产品活性炭吸附性能超过了国家一级标准。该工艺方法为农村棉秆资源的综合开发利用找到了新的途径。     

微波催化氧化樟脑废水

在活性炭与Fenton试剂存在下用微波辐射处理多次铁碳微电解处理后的樟脑废水,通过单因素和正交试验,得出了100mL微波处理废水的最佳条件:活性炭为0.6g,H2O2为1.4mL,pH值取4,微波加热时间为15min,辐射功率为350W,可以使樟脑废水的COD值从321.4mg/L降到145.2mg/L。     

超声波强化内电解对对-硝基苯酚的处理

讨论了超声波与内电解处理的可行性。优化超声波、内电解和两者联用的条件,利用常用流程处理10mg/L模拟废水对-硝基苯酚的降解率超过96%,达到国家排放标准和相关行业标准。分析了超声波对内电解强化作用的动力学过程和机理,提出存在的问题和进一步研究的方向。     

废活性炭微波再生新工艺的研究

提出用微波加热-二氧化碳活化法再生乙酸乙烯合成用触媒载体废活性炭工艺.采用条件实验法研究了活化时间、二氧化碳流量和微波功率对活性炭碘吸附值,亚甲基蓝吸附值和再生得率的影响,得到微波辐射加热二氧化碳活化再生乙酸乙烯用触媒载体废活性炭的最佳工艺条件为活化时间25 min,二氧化碳流量0.2 L/min,微波功率700 W.在此条件下制得的活性炭碘吸附值为1158.02 mg/g、亚甲基蓝吸附值为240 mg/g、得率为74.19%.并对活性炭进行了比表面积的测定和孔结构的分析,活性炭的比表面积为1308.13 m2/g,总孔容为0.76 mL/g.     

微波消解技术在沉积物样品元素分析中的应用

在沉积物样品元素分析中样品预处理即样品的消解是一个重要步骤。微波样品消解技术近十几年来受到普遍关注。本文小结了这一技术在沉积物元素分析应用中的一些重要问题,包括消解试剂体系的选择,消解程序和时间的确定等。     

Advanced driver assistance systems for teen drivers: A national survey of teen and parent perceptions

Abstract

Objective: Recently developed advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) have the potential to compensate for teen driving errors and reduce overall crash risk. To date, very limited research has been conducted on the suitability of ADAS for teen drivers—the population most likely to benefit from such systems. The opportunity for ADAS to reduce the frequency and severity of crashes involving teen drivers is hindered when there is a lack of trust, acceptance, and use of those technologies. Therefore, there is a need to study teen and parent perceptions of ADAS to help identify and overcome any potential barriers to ADAS use.

Methods: A U.S. national survey was developed based on themes from previously conducted teen and parent ADAS focus groups. Survey topics included trust in ADAS, effect of ADAS on teen driver safety and driving behavior, effect of ADAS on skill development, data privacy, and cybersecurity. Responses included 5-point Likert scales and open-ended questions. The survey was managed through an online respondent panel by ResearchNow. Eligibility criteria included licensed teens (16–19 years) and parents of licensed teens. Teen and parent responses were compared using chi-square statistics in SAS 9.4.

Results: Two thousand and three (teens?=?1,000; parents?=?1,003) respondents qualified for and completed the survey between September 1 and September 20, 2017. Overall, teens (72%) and parents (61%) felt that ADAS would have a positive impact on transportation. However, teens were more likely to exhibit a positive outlook on ADAS, whereas parents were more likely to have a negative outlook (P?<?.01). Teens felt that ADAS would be useful during bad weather or drowsy driving but were less concerned than parents about ADAS intervention during their own risky driving (P?<?.01). The majority of teens (65%) and parents (71%) agreed that teens should learn to drive on vehicles without ADAS, with parents being more likely to agree than teens (P?<?.01). Parents (55%) were more likely than teens (47%) to be concerned about insurance companies keeping track of teen driving data (P?<?.01). Most respondents exhibited some concern of ADAS being susceptible to hacking (57%).

Conclusions: This study represents the first effort to quantify ADAS perceptions among teen drivers and their parents at the U.S. national level. These data highlight potential barriers to ADAS use among teen drivers, including a relative disinterest among teens for ADAS intervention during risky driving as well as concerns among both teens and parents that ADAS will inhibit skill development. These survey findings will help inform educational programs to accelerate fleet turnover and provide the foundation for ADAS optimization and evaluation studies among sociodemographic groups.     

微波辐射Bi_2O_3/沸石-H_2O_2体系降解废水中的硝基苯

研究了微波辐射下,以负载于沸石上的三氧化二铋为催化剂,以双氧水为氧化剂的催化氧化体系处理硝基苯工艺。通过单因素实验法,从反应催化剂负载量、pH、双氧水用量、微波功率、反应时间、催化剂用量等方面初步考察了硝基苯在该体系中的催化氧化效果。在氧化铋负载量3%(质量比),pH=2,2 mL 30%双氧水,火力为中火,催化剂投加量为0.7 g,反应2 m in,对降解过程所得的中间产物和终产物进行了分析。结果表明,该体系对硝基苯的去除率能够达到99.2%,COD去除率为73.91%。     

蜡染废水在线处理回用及热能回收工程实例

采用絮凝沉淀-ClO2脱色-砂滤-微波无极紫外光催化氧化工艺对青岛凤凰印染有限公司蜡染印花水洗废水进行处理,详细论述了该工艺的运行特点、处理及回用效果。结果表明,在进水COD及色度波动很大的情况下,处理后废水水质长期稳定达到COD100 mg/L,色度10倍,其他各项水质指标均可满足蜡染水洗工序的生产回用要求,并回收了水中的热能。废水回用率达80%,日节水200 t,节约热能折合成标准煤约为1 t,为印染行业完成节能20%,减排20%的总体目标提供了新的思路。     

微波消解-原子吸收光度法测定堆肥中微量镉、锌和铜

研究并确定了微波消解堆肥的最佳条件,应用原子吸收与数据导数处理系统相结合方法解决了堆肥体系中微量金属Cd.Zn和Cu的测定问题,对应元素的灵敏度可提高一个数量级.检出限均有不同程度的降低,从而极大提高分析的准确度.同时对堆肥实际样品进行加标回收实验,测定了堆肥样品中金属的回收率,其回收率分别在99.5%-102.0%、98.7%-99.1%和98.8%-104.0%之间.实验结果显示,该方法快速、准确、可信.