微波消解-氢化物发生原子荧光光度法 测定土壤中的砷

建立了微波消解一氢化物发生原子荧光光度法测定土壤中砷的方法。对微波消解条件进行了优化,用5mL硝酸和2mL过氧化氢的混合酸作消解溶剂,在设定的微波条件下砷提取完全。用5％的盐酸作为反应载流,12g／L硼氢化钾与0．5％氢氧化钠的混合液为还原剂,直接定容后应用HG．AFS测定,并通过测定国家标准参考物质和加标回收实验,对方法进行了验证。实际土壤加标同收率97％～103％。     

微波萃取-气质联用测定土壤中的16种多环芳烃

用丙酮-正己烷(1:1体积比)混合溶剂,通过微波萃取法提取土壤中的16种多环芳烃组分。萃取溶液经硅胶小柱净化,最后用气相色谱-质谱法分析。以石英砂为基体进行加标回收测定。16种多环芳烃的检测限为0.18～0.53μg/kg,经精密度试验,相对标准偏差均5%,回收率在75.5%～108%之间。     

微波消解-原子荧光法同时测定TSP中砷和汞

通过比较不同滤膜的透气效率和空白值来选择采样滤膜,探讨了不同消解方法的前处理效果,进行精密性、准确性及实际样品测试等条件实验,建立了微波消解-原子荧光法同时测定大气环境TSP中砷和汞的方法。结果表明,过氯乙烯滤膜透气性好,空白值低且稳定,微波消解能使样品消解更完全,精密度好,回收率高,尤其汞的损失少。     

微波消解-原子荧光法测定海洋生物中As

主要研究微波消解技术作为海洋生物As分析的前处理手段.海洋生物样品经微波消解后,以硫脲-抗坏血酸溶液作为还原剂,使用原子荧光法测定海洋生物中As含量,测试结果准确,与传统的湿法消解相比,微波消解技术使海洋生物As 的分析变得简单、快速,同时避免了沾污,极大的提高了工作效率,微波消解将会成为海洋环境样品前处理的理想手段.     

微波协同霍加拉特剂催化氧化苯的影响因素

为了探索一种高效、快速处理典型挥发性有机物的方法,对微波协同作用下霍加拉特剂催化氧化苯的性能进行了研究,主要考查了微波作用模式、微波功率、苯初始浓度、气体流量、催化剂用量和气体湿度对处理苯效果的影响,并对影响规律进行总结。实验结果表明,微波功率70 W,苯初始浓度1 917 mg/m3,气体流量1.0 L/min,催化剂床层高度3.86 cm时,苯转化率可达99.2%。微波辐照条件下霍加拉特剂能够有效实现苯的催化氧化,并且比传统加热具有更高的能量利用率。     

Studies on degradation of glyphosate by several oxidative chemical processes: Ozonation,photolysis and heterogeneous photocatalysis

Several different Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) including ozonation at pH 6.5 and 10, photolysis and heterogeneous photocatalysis using TiO₂ as semiconductor and dissolved oxygen as electron acceptor were applied to study the degradation of glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) in water. The degree of glyphosate degradation, the reactions kinetic and the formation of the major metabolite, aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA), were evaluated. Ozonation at pH 10 resulted in the maximum mineralization of glyphosate. It was observed that under the experimental conditions used in this study the degradation of glyphosate followed the first-order kinetics. The half-life obtained for glyphosate degradation in the O₃/pH 10 process was 1.8 minutes.     

Microwave treatment and struvite recovery potential of dairy manure

Microwave digestion of liquid dairy manure was tested for the release of nutrients, such as orthophosphates, ammonia-nitrogen, magnesium, calcium and potassium, both with and without the aid of an oxidizing agent (hydrogen peroxide). The orthophosphate to total phosphorus ratio of the manure increased from 21% to greater than 80% with 5 minutes of microwave treatment. More than 36% of total chemical oxygen demand (t-COD) of the manure was reduced when microwave digestion was assisted with peroxide addition. In addition, the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) distribution shifted to simpler chain acids (acetic acid in particular) with an increase in operating temperature. In the second part of the study, digested manure with increased soluble phosphate was tested for the recovery of struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) at different pH. It was found that up to 90% of orthophosphate can be removed from the solution. Overall, it was concluded that the oxidizing agent-assisted microwave digestion process can be used upstream of anaerobic digestion, following which the anaerobically digested manure can be used for struvite recovery. Thus, this microwave digestion process presents the potential for enhanced efficiencies in both manure digestion and struvite recovery.     

微波强化微电解技术处理硝基苯废水

研究了微波强化微电解组合工艺处理硝基苯废水。研究结果表明,在Fe/C比为3,进水pH=3,微波功率640W,微波辐射时间4 min和曝气量为2.5 L/min的最佳条件下,废水COD、色度和浊度去除率分别达到94.7%、95.6%和90.3%。同时,与单一微波辐射和单一微电解相比,该方法处理效果明显优于这二种方法。实验还采用GC-MS分析方法研究了单一微电解及微波强化微电解法处理硝基苯废水的中间降解产物和降解机理。     

光催化氧化-Fenton组合方法降解高浓度正丙醇废水

研究了1%和10%2种浓度正丙醇废水在光催化氧化-Fenton组合工艺条件下的降解情况,分别考察了H2O2加药方式及剂量、Fe2+浓度、TiO2浓度,以及废水的初始浓度对反应的影响,得到了优化工艺参数。结果显示,在23 W的低压汞灯照射下,当Fe2+离子浓度为0.44 g/L,TiO2为0.4 g/L,H2O2分6次等幅递增投加,增幅为均值的10%,投加总量至28.6 g/L时,反应6 h后,组合工艺可将1%浓度正丙醇废水的COD从17 200 mg/L降低至2 000 mg/L。H2O2总用量为136.5 g/L,其他条件及加药方式不变条件下,废水浓度提高至10%,紫外光能量利用率明显提高,反应15 h后,可将COD从172 000 mg/L降至1 000 mg/L以下,降解速率随浓度降低而下降。     

不同材料负载Ani/TiO2光降解印染废水

使用常见的工业材料:玻璃、铝片和镍网为载体,苯胺(Ani)作为氮掺杂剂,通过溶胶-凝胶法,制备了不同材料负载Ani/TiO2,并研究其在降解以酸性品红模拟的印染废水的光催化氧化性能。结果表明,玻璃、铝片和镍网负载Ani/TiO2最佳N/Ti值分别为0.250、0.040和0.040,并验证了N掺杂TiO2在日光利用方面的优势,提高了光催化剂的实际应用性;最佳pH值均为6～8;最佳处理初始浓度分别为10、12和12 mg/L;其光催化活性都会随着溶液深度的增加而降低;氧化剂硝酸铁的最佳投加浓度均为0.5×10-5到1.0×10-5mol/L;综合来看,玻璃负载Ani/TiO2的活性最高,铝片负载Ani/TiO2次之,镍网负载Ani/TiO2最差。