低温磁性铁基SCR烟气脱硝的实验研究

在流化床反应器中,以磁性铁氧化物(Fe3O4、γ-Fe2O3)颗粒为床料,氨为还原剂,进行了中低温SCR烟气脱硝实验研究,然后对反应辅加磁场,初步研究磁场对磁性γ-Fe2O3催化剂SCR脱硝的影响,并对床料进行了XRD分析.结果表明,Fe3O4的SCR活性较差,γ-Fe2O3的SCR活性较佳,在250℃其催化脱硝效率能达到90%,但在250℃以上Fe2O3会对氨的氧化起作用,因而在250℃及以下的邻近温度区间是最佳催化温度区间.此外,在150~290℃,外加磁场能促进γ-Fe2O3对NO的吸附,提高脱硝效率,使250℃时的脱硝效率达到95%左右,但在290℃以上,则会降低脱硝效率.为了抑制氨的氧化,发挥磁场对γ-Fe2O3脱硝的作用,适合在200~250℃低温区间内采用γ-Fe2O3催化剂进行SCR脱硝.     

超细化煤粉低温燃烧的NOx、SO2生成特性研究

在实验室水平管式电炉上，在较低温升速率和低温燃烧（３００℃－５００℃）的条件下，分别对经过超细粉碎的合山高硫煤和晋城煤４种不同粒度煤样的燃料ＮＯｘ、有机硫分的ＳＯ２和ＣＯ生成特性进行了试验研究，分析了以ＣＯ为主的还原性气氛在超细化煤粉燃烧过程中对固氮和固硫所产生的影响。     

酸活化赤泥催化臭氧氧化降解水中硝基苯的效能研究

以铝工业废物赤泥为原料,采用酸化的方法活化赤泥,提高其在多相催化臭氧氧化除污染体系中的催化活性,并对其催化臭氧除污染效能及机制进行探讨.研究发现,和赤泥原矿相比,酸化赤泥表现出十分显著的催化能力;酸化赤泥(RM6.0)催化臭氧氧化硝基苯的去除率随臭氧浓度的增加而增加;当臭氧浓度由0.4 mg.L-1增加至1.7 mg.L-1时,硝基苯的去除率由45%提高到92%.溶液pH对RM6.0催化体系利用臭氧能力的影响与其催化臭氧氧化降解NB的影响表现出一致的结果.初始pH变化所带来的RM6.0催化活性的变化,主要是由于体系中氢氧根浓度的变化,导致臭氧分解形成羟基自由基所致;过高pH值导致的羟基自由基的猝灭显促使RM6.0催化臭氧氧化NB活性的降低.通过RM6.0对臭氧的利用能力及羟基自由基抑制实验结果发现,RM6.0催化臭氧降解NB的主要作用机制是催化剂表面吸附臭氧,实现臭氧在催化剂表面的富集,进而实现对NB有机污染物的氧化降解.在这个过程中羟基自由基是存在的,主要是在臭氧与硝基苯在界面氧化过程中分解而成,并进一步氧化NB.     

The progress of catalytic technologies in water purification： A review

Catalytic technologies have been paid increasing attention in refractory pollutants abatement due to its practical and potential values in water purification. As e ective and e cient approaches for water purification, Fenton’s reagent, ozonation, electrochemical and photocatalytic methods have been widely studied and applied in di erent aspects and have been reviewed by several articles. In recent years, some novel catalytic processes based on above processes have been developed for enhancing the e ciency of removing the organics from water. This review emphasized on the recent development of heterogeneous catalytic ozonation, electrocatalysis in respect of novel electrodes and electro-Fenton method, photoelectrocatalysis process and photoelectron-Fenton in water purification. It was also an attempt to propose general ideas about mechanism and principle enhancing the catalytic e ciency for the degradation and the mineralization of organics in water.     

水处理固体废物用作燃煤脱硫剂的可行性研究

从水处理固体废物的形成入手，分析其组成特性，探讨清洁利用水处理固体废物并作为煤燃烧过程中控制ＳＯ２排放的脱硫剂的可行性。     

南京地区冬夏季大气重污染个例对比分析

本文研究了南京仙林地区在秸秆焚烧、逆温造成的大气污染的特征,分析了不同时期大气各成分的浓度变化.秸秆焚烧产生的大气污染事件中,颗粒物浓度上升最为显著,其中PM10的浓度最高可达0.65mg/m3,污染持续时间约36h.冬季污染期持续更长,但颗粒物峰值小于夏季,PM10浓度约在0.4mg/m3.根据Fernald方法反演得到的激光雷达消光系数计算不同高度AOD表明,秸秆焚烧造成的污染在空间上的分布较为均匀而冬季污染期近地表AOD的贡献超过40%.后向轨迹分析表明了污染期的气团在1500m高度的来源和1000m之下有差异,48h内的来源距离较短,近地表的大气质量受到周边地区的影响大,非污染期的气团垂直高度上性质较为均一,来源较为一致,来源距离较长.     

垃圾在流化床中燃烧的特性

在一台特别设计的小型流化床燃烧实验台上对垃圾可燃物代表组分进行实验研究 .结果表明 ,干燥的垃圾在床温仅为 50 0℃就能在很短的时间内迅速燃烧 ,产生明亮的火焰 .在本实验条件下 ,床温没有因为实验组分的加入而下降 ,而是随着垃圾的迅速燃烧而急剧升温 ,床温提高 30～ 70℃不等 .垃圾在流化床中燃烧受多种因素的影响 ,并讨论了当物料形状 (整或碎 )、含水量、实验风量 (从 5.5m³/h到 7.5m³/h)等因素变化后对于燃烧气体成分及炉内温度的影响 .在本实验条件下 ,当物料剪碎后会引起炉内温度水平明显提高 ,并使得CO排放量略有下降 .物料含水量增加时会导致炉内温度水平明显下降 .实验风量提高时 ,CO排放量明显减少 .     

Transformation of mercury speciation through the SCR system in power plants

Coal-fired utility boilers are now identified as the largest source of mercury in the United States. There is speculation that the installation of selective catalytic reduction （SCR） system for reduction of NOx can also prompt the oxidation and removal of mercury. In this paper, tests at six full-scale power plants with similar type of the SCR systems are conducted to investigate the effect of the SCR on the transformation of mercury speciation. The results show that the SCR system can achieve more than 70%-80% oxidation of elemental mercury and enhance the mercury removal ability in these units. The oxidation of elemental mercury in the SCR system strongly depends on the coal properties and the operation conditions of the SCR systems. The content of chloride in the coal is the key factor for the oxidization process and the maximum oxidation of elemental mercury is found when chloride content changes from 400 to 600 ppm. The sulfur content is no significant impact on oxidation of elemental mercury.     

催化氧化除氨氮/锰滤料活性恢复方式优化研究

以催化氧化除氨氮/锰失活滤料为研究对象,考察了3种不同恢复方式(自然恢复,投加碱度,再次挂膜)对滤料催化氧化氨氮、锰效能的影响.结果表明,自然恢复(1#)滤柱,投加碱度(2#)滤柱,再次挂膜(3#)滤柱分别于4,2,3d后氨氮去除率达到90%以上;逐渐提高氨氮浓度,3#再次挂膜滤柱出水氨氮浓度波动最大,1#自然恢复滤柱恢复期间出水亚硝氮积累时间最长且峰值最高.3根滤柱催化氧化去除锰活性恢复速度均较快.1#自然恢复滤柱和2#碱度恢复滤柱均能在2d内将锰完全去除.3#挂膜滤柱是在停止投加高锰酸钾后5d内实现将进水锰完全去除.氨氮和锰的相互影响实验结果表明,3根滤柱中投加碱度(2#)滤柱表现最优.尽管氨氮抑制锰的去除,但是投加碱度滤柱随着进水氨氮浓度的升高出水锰浓度始终低于0.1mg/L;锰对氨氮的去除影响不显著.XRD分析结果表明,受其表面负载新生成氧化膜的影响,高锰酸钾重新挂膜滤柱的滤料样品的结晶度较差.综合考虑氨氮和锰的活性恢复效率以及挂膜过程中药品的投加,提出采用自然恢复方式最适.     

Microwave photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B using TiO2 supported on activated carbon： Mechanism implication

The photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) was carried out using TiO2 supported on activated carbon (TiO2-AC) under microwave irradiation. Composite catalyst TiO2-AC was prepared and characterized using X-ray di raction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). In the process of microwave-enhanced photocatalysis (MPC), RhB (30 mg/L) was almost completely decoloured in 10 min, and the mineralization e ciency was 96.0% in 20 min. The reaction rate constant of RhB in MPC using TiO2-AC by pseudo first-order reaction kinetics was 4.16 times of that using Degussa P25. Additionally, according to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) identification, the major intermediates of RhB in MPC included two kinds of N-de-ethylation intermediates (N,N-diethyl-N’-ethyl-rhodamine (DER)), oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, and phthalic acid, maleic acid, 3-nitrobenzoic acid, and so on. The degradation of RhB in MPC was mainly attributed to the destruction of the conjugated structure, and then the intermediates transformed to acid molecules which were mineralized to water and carbon dioxide.