微波桶内干燥模拟含硼废液可行性研究

目前核电站普遍采用的水泥固化处理废液增容大,为了实现废物最小化,开展了微波桶内干燥处理模拟含硼废液可行性研究.采用微波炉对模拟含硼废液干燥特性探索性试验研究,结果表明:桶内干燥产物含水率受模拟含硼废物的厚度影响,桶内干燥工艺需要合理控制模拟含硼废物添加量.12升微波桶内干燥试验预试验结果表明:不锈钢桶壁和桶底干燥产物含水率偏高,建议添加相应的保温或辅助加热措施.综合考虑,合理控制微波干燥条件,模拟含硼废液干燥产物的含水率可降至10wt％(不合游离水)以下,减容系数可达到5.试验表明,微波桶内干燥处理放射性废液是可行的.     

基于pH调控的城市污泥厌氧发酵产酸小试研究

本研究设计了热碱预处理-半连续流厌氧发酵污泥处理工艺,探究了p H对热碱预处理污泥产酸性能的影响,同时对发酵液作为碳源回用于污水厂强化脱氮除磷进行了质量衡算.在30 L厌氧发酵罐中考察了偏中性(p H=6.5)和碱性(p H=10.0)条件下热碱预处理污泥发酵的挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)产生及分布、蛋白质及碳水化合物的消耗和氮磷释放情况.结果表明,污泥热碱预处理-半连续流厌氧发酵工艺的VFA产量稳定,在p H为6.5和10.0的条件下,发酵罐中平均VFA产率分别为333.29 mg·g-1(以每g VS产生的COD(mg)计,下同)和250.64 mg·g-1,p H为6.5时产酸更稳定,且产量较高,但碱性条件更适合产乙酸.两种p H条件下的SCOD、溶解性蛋白质、溶解性多糖、氮和磷的释放都无较大差异.质量衡算结果表明,以处理量为50000 m3·d-1的城市污水处理厂为例,其产生的污泥经过热碱预处理-半连续流厌氧发酵产酸工艺,产生的VFA能够满足该污水处理厂脱氮除磷提标改造的碳源需求.     

微波消解ICP-AES测定电子电器产品中Pb、Cd、Hg、Cr方法的研究

对微波消解ICP-AES(电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法)测定电子电器产品中Pb、Cd、Hg、Cr的方法进行了初步研究,以期为准确检测电子电器中重金属类有害物质的分析方法提供参考.结果表明,所采用的微波消解法对欧洲标准参考物质中Pb、Cd、Hg、Cr的回收率分别为93%、86%、89%和90%.多因素实验所确定的最佳工作参数为功率1.2 kW,等离子气流量15 L/min,雾化气压200 kPa,观察高度10 mm.此条件下Pb、Cd、Hg、Cr的加标回收率均在95%～103.3%之间,测定相对偏差小于0.1,相对标准偏差小于1.5%,元素检出限低.     

Treatment of phenol wastewater by microwave-induced ClO2-CuOx/Al2O3 catalytic oxidation process

The catalyst of CuOx/Al2O3 was prepared by the dipping-sedimentation method using γ-Al2O3 as a carrier. CuO and Cu2O were loaded on the surface of γ-Al2O3, characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In the presence of CuOx/Al2O3, the microwave-induced chlorine dioxide (ClO2) catalytic oxidation process was conducted for the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing 100 mg/L phenol. The relationships between removal percentage and initial ClO2 concentration, catalyst dosage, microwave power, contact time, initial phenol concentration and pH were investigated and the results showed that microwave-induced ClO2-CuOx/Al2O3 process could effectively degrade contaminants in a short reaction time with a low oxidant dosage, extensive pH range. Under a given condition (ClO2 concentration 80 mg/L, microwave power 50 W, contact time 5 min, catalyst dosage 50 g/L, pH 9), phenol removal percentage approached 92.24%, corresponding to 79.13% of CODCr removal. The removal of phenol by microwave-induced ClO2-CuOx/Al2O3 catalytic oxidation process was a complicated non-homogeneous solid/water reaction, which fitted pseudo-first-order by kinetics. Compared with traditional ClO2 oxidation, ClO2 catalytic oxidation and microwave-induced ClO2 oxidation, microwave-induced ClO2 catalytic oxidation system could significantly enhance the degradation efficiency. It provides an effective technology for the removal of phenol wastewater.     

Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer prepared by microwave heating for confirmatory determination of chloramphenicol in chicken feed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

A magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) for chloramphenicol was prepared using a surface-imprinted and microwave-heating-induced polymerization method. The surfaces of the magnetic particles were first double-bond functionalized with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (γ-MPS), followed by the copolymerization of 4-vinyl pyridine (4-VP) and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) in the presence of chloramphenicol as a template and 1,1-azobis(cyclohexane-carbonitrile) (ABCN) as an initiator in a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and water with microwave heating at 80°C. The magnetic polymer possesses supraparamagnetic properties and was used to concentrate and cleanup chicken feed extract, followed by chromatographic separation using a Lichrospher®100 RP C8 column and detection with two multi-reaction monitoring transitions at m/z 321→ 152 and m/z 321→ 257. The mean recoveries obtained at two spiking levels were in the range of 94.6–100% The relative intra- and inter-day standard deviations were in the range of 1.4–2.6% and 5.1–5.7%, respectively. The detection limit of the method was 0.12 µg kg^?1. This confirmatory method was successfully applied to determine chloramphenicol in chicken feed samples.     

金属盐中硫化物分析方法的探讨

通过对金属盐类中的硫化物预处理及显色条件的探讨 ,证明在浓硫酸介质中气化 ,以 Na OH-EDTA为吸收液 ,用对氨基二甲基苯胺光度法测定 ,具有重现性好 (CV2 0 % ) ,测定周期短等特点。     

微波-活性炭联合作用在污染控制中的应用

近年来,微波技术被越来越多地应用于污染控制方面的研究,其中相当一部分工作是借助于微波与活性炭的相互作用,即利用活性炭在微波辐照下可快速升温的特性,获得较高反应温度,同时活性炭还具有较强的还原能力和催化作用,从而达到分解吸附在活性炭孔隙内部或与活性炭共存于同一体系中的污染物的目的。首先从活性炭在微波场中升温的角度探讨了微波辐照对活性炭的作用,并就微波活性炭联合作用在气态污染物处理、液态污染物处理、土壤污染修复以及活性炭为载体的催化剂制备等方面的研究进展进行了评述。     

原位柱撑改性膨润土在微污染饮用水除磷中的应用研究

利用Al3+离子较易水解聚合的性质,微波辅助合成了keggin Al₁₃原位柱撑改性膨润土(PMCs),并探究了其对微污染饮用水中磷元素的去除作用,研究表明,PMCs对磷的混凝和去除作用优于原土、工业 PAC和传统的柱撑改性膨润土(CPMCs);影响除磷效果的主要因素有：搅拌时间、搅拌速度、水样的pH值以及初始浓度等,其最佳除磷条件是：在500 mL 10 mg/L含磷水样中加入1.5 g改性膨润土,搅拌速度为180 r/min,搅拌时间为5 h,水样pH为6～8。     

硫酸卷曲霉素生产废水生化前预处理试验研究

对某厂硫酸卷曲霉素废水进行预处理试验,为水处理工程设计提供参考.选择混凝-气浮-水解酸化工艺组合作为预处理工艺,试验表明,依某厂硫酸卷曲霉素生产废水特征,以PAC为混凝剂、PAM为助凝剂,投药量分别为100和5 mg/L条件下,混凝-气浮单元的COD、BOD5和SS去除率分别在42.6%～48.7%、25.5%～40.8%和84.6%～92.6%之间;在水解酸化单元接种厌氧污泥,可以大大缩短污泥驯化时间,用经过14 d驯化时间的污泥处理气浮单元出水,HRT为16 h时,该单元的COD、BOD5去除率分别在8.4%～33.8%和5.0%～19.5%之间;气浮单元、水解酸化单元均提高了出水的可生化性.将混凝-气浮单元与水解酸化单元联合作为硫酸卷曲霉素生产废水的生化处理的前处理措施是可行的.     

微波辅助法合成纳米ReFeO3光催化剂

以稀土金属硝酸盐La(NO₃)₃、Sm(NO₃)₃、Eu(NO₃)₃、Gd(NO₃)₃和Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O为原材料, 以活性炭为模板剂,聚乙烯醇(PVA)和尿素分别用作阻聚剂和均相沉淀剂,在微波辐照下制得纳米钙钛矿型化合物ReFeO₃(Re:La,Sm,Eu,Gd)。用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、UV-vis漫反射仪(DRS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对产物组成、结构、颗粒大小、形貌等进行了表征,结果表明产物均为单一钙钛矿结构的纳米颗粒。以产物为光催化剂,在可见光照射下对罗丹明B水溶液进行光催化降解实验,发现该类化合物均具有较好的光催化活性,180 min内对罗丹明B的脱色率均达到85%以上。