基于生态功能考虑的西北干旱地区生态需水研究

在当前生态需水研究的基础上,选取植被盖度作为衡量绿洲生态功能的主要指标,根据植被盖度和侵蚀率之间的关系,从生态系统的需水机理出发,提出了基于生态功能考虑的西北干旱地区生态需水量计算方法.以额济纳绿洲为例,计算了2000年额济纳绿洲生态需水,并与额济纳绿洲不同时期的生态需水进行了对比分析.     

基于AHP-MF模型的用户群节水指标体系研究

从分析影响用户群节水的因素及其构成关系入手,根据专家长期节水工作的经验,利用层次分析法对用户群节水指标进行优选,并提出全面的定量化和定性化的层次结构评价模式和总体评价方法.首先构建用户群节水的层次分析结构模型及判断矩阵,应用Matlab6.5计算出各判断矩阵的最大特征值及其特征向量,并检验判断矩阵的一致性,继而确定出各指标的权重;其次,应用Fuzzy统计的方法对陕西2006年度高校用户群的节水情况进行评价,并为节水工作提供建设性意见.     

干旱与半干旱地区土地生产潜力的测定──以新疆阜康县为例

本文探讨了一个通过土壤有效水分含量来确定土地等级和土地生产力的方法。这个方法采用倍增参量形式来确定土壤有效水分。其变量包括潜水位、土层厚度、土壤质地、坡度和盐分。此项研究证明用这种方法获得的土地初级生产力与实测值比较一致。因此，我们可以在类似环境下用这种方法估测土地生产潜力。     

3S技术在古日格斯台自然保护区研究中的应用

利用"3S"技术对古日格斯台自然保护区植被类型的空间分布进行了分析,绘制了古日格斯台自然保护区植被图,讨论了其生态多样性和脆弱性,以此作为植被监测与管理的依据,进而对古日格斯台自然保护区的植被进行有效的保护.     

Biogenic VOCs emission inventory development of temperate grassland vegetation in Xilin River basin, Inner Mongolia, China

Given the key role of biogenic volatile organic compounds(VOCs) to tropospheric chemistry and regional air quality, it is important to generate accurateVOCs emission inventories. However, only a less fraction of plant species, in temperate grassland of Inner Mongolia, has been characterized by quantitative measurements. A taxonomic methodology, which assigns VOCs measurements to unmeasured species, is an applicable and inexpensive alternation for extensive VOCs emission survey, although data are needed for additional plant families and genera to further validate the taxonomic approach in grassland vegetation. In this experiment, VOCs emission rates of 178 plant species were measured with a portable photoionization detector( PID). The results showed the most of genera and some families have consistent feature of their VOCs emission, especially for isoprene, and provide the basic premise of taxonomic methodology to develop VOCs emission inventories for temperate grassland. Then, the taxonomic methodology was introduced into assigning emission rate to other 96 species, which no measured emission rates available here. A systematical emission inventory of temperate grassland vegetation in Inner Mongolia was provided and further evidence that taxonomy relationship can serve as a useful guide for generalizing the emissions behavior of many, but not all, plant families and genera to grassland vegetation.     

Vegetation patterns and nature reserve construction in an extremely-arid desert in Anxi,NW China's Gansu Province

Anxi County is located in the northwestern part of the Hexi Corridor in gansu Province and has the sole national level nature reserve of extremely-arid desert in China.Phytosociological methods (Braun-Blanquet,1964) are used to classify plant community types in this area.Eleven are disting uished,including six of deserts,four of oases and one transitional type between deserts and oases.Direct gradient analysis (DCA) is employed to correlate the distribution of plant communities to physiogeographic conditions.This study makes clear that water is the most important ecological factor for the distribution of plant species and communities in this area.The effects of water have been demonstrated in different ways.A vegetation gradient from lower altitude to higher altitude in the southern part of the reserve is driven by a precipitation gradient.The effects of the depth of ground water table contribute to the differentiation of vegetation from desert to oasis in the flat area.In a finer scale,the washed gullies have obviously higher species richness and also higher vegetation cover than the surround gobi surfaces,possibly caused by the effects of floods.The vegetation patterns demonstrate that the area of Anxi County is a complete landscape unit.The range of the current nature reserve is not large enough for the purpose of conserving the unique biodiversity in this area.     

取代苯胺和苯酚类化合物对大型■(Daphnia magna Straus)的定量结构-活性关系研究

研究了３６个取代苯胺和苯酚类化合物对大型的急性毒性，应用正辛醇／水分配系数、线性溶解能关系参数和分子连接性指数得出了该类化合物的定量构效关系方程，这些方程可以用来进行该类化合物危害性初评．ＬＳＥＲ法得到的ＱＳＡＲ方程拟合效果较好，增大分子体积及偶极性极化性，均可增大毒性．化合物与蛋白质等生物大分子的氢键键合作用是导致该类化合物毒性高于其基本毒性的原因．     

西宁盐碱地区高速公路植被恢复技术探讨

西宁至马场垣高速公路穿越的地区属于生态脆弱带。与其他生态脆弱区不同的是，其土壤中盐分的含量非常高，土壤碱性强，它不仅导致植物的生理干旱，还对植物细胞产生毒害作用，不良的植被恢复措施也加重其危害程度。为减轻盐碱的危害需要采取相应的措施如筛选适宜植物、农业灌溉、化学及其它措施，可以减轻危害恢复植被。     

矿区复合生态系统中土壤演替和植被演替的相互影响

在讨论矿区复合生态系统涵义的基础上，以平朔安太堡露天煤矿为例，探讨了大型露天矿区复合生态系统演替与原生态系统演替的不同，即露天矿区复合生态系统演替极大地受着社会--经济--自然三方面的控制，在演替过程中土壤演替与植被演替相互影响、相互协调，共同作用了矿区复合生态系统。同时，还阐述了进行矿区生态重建的两大关键措施：生态环境建设和群落建设。     

上海市大气气溶胶中铂元素污染状况调查

为调查上海市大气气溶胶中铂元素的污染状况,用PM10-2型可吸入颗粒物采样器采集了上海市大气气溶胶样品,采样时间分别为2003-12～2005-12.用微波消解密闭系统消解样品,电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定了大气气溶胶中Pt的含量.分析结果表明,同清洁对照点((0.65±0.16)pg·m-3)相比,上海市中心区大气中Pt((1.69±0.93)pg·m-3)的污染是明显的;装有三元催化转化器的汽车尾气中Pt的含量均在100ng·g-1以上,远远高于大气气溶胶样品(人民广场平均值21.7ng·g-1);不同交通密度区Pt含量分析结果表明,Pt含量与交通密度紧密相关,这说明装有三元催化器的汽车尾气是气溶胶中Pt污染的主要来源;此外,上海市大气气溶胶中Pt呈现季节性变化,并受气象条件影响.同世界其它城市相比,上海市气溶胶中铂元素污染程度还较低,但是这种潜在的重金属污染应该引起重视.