Privatisation and outsourcing in wartime: the humanitarian challenges

The tendency today to privatise many activities hitherto considered the exclusive preserve of the state has given rise to sharp debate. The specific nature of humanitarian emergencies elucidates in particularly stark contrast some of the main challenges connected to the privatisation and outsourcing of essential public services, such as the provision of drinking water and health care. Privatising the realms of defence and security, which are at the very core of state prerogative, raises several legal and humanitarian concerns. This article focuses on the roles and responsibilities of the various parties involved in armed conflicts, especially those of private companies engaged in security, intelligence and interrogation work, and in the provision of water supply and health services. It highlights the need for humanitarian and development actors to grasp better the potential risks and opportunities related to privatisation and outsourcing with a view to supplying effective protection and assistance to communities affected by war.     

分散式污水处理设施集约化管理创新探索

随着近年来大量农村污水处理设施的新建,项目污水处理设施面广、点多、单体规模小、污染物浓度变化大、经营困难等问题凸显,如何突破困境找到一条相对适合分散式污水处理设施的运营管理十分必要。本文提出了集约化管理创新探索,在生产标准化管理、人力资源管理、安全管理、设备设施管理及物资管理等方面全方位的总结了运营管理经验,为分散式污水处理设施管理提供了参考和借鉴。     

重庆长江广阳岛生态修复设计与实践探索

广阳岛的生态修复设计以"长江风景眼,重庆生态岛"为价值追求,聚焦"生态"和"风景".生态修复设计围绕"摸清本底、自然恢复、生态修复、增加生物多样性"四个核心方面展开,通过运用土壤改良技术、海绵理水技术和生态疏田技术等生态修复技术提升生态修复科技内涵,使生态修复后的广阳岛以生态为魂、以风景为象.一期按照四种模式完成生态修...     

污染防治设施社会化运营模式及其对区域环境与经济协调发展的影响

针对城市化进程加快引发的一系列环境污染问题,指出了加快污染防治设施社会化运营的必要性,并从污染治理设施的种类、污染治理设施的社会化运营分析和运作模式三方面论述了如何进行污染治理设施的社会化运营,从经济发展、污染防治设施运行、引入竞争机制等方面概述了污染防治设施社会化运营对区域环境与经济协调发展的影响。     

电絮凝—超滤组合工艺处理设施农业营养废液的试验研究

设施农业营养废液具有氮和磷营养元素含量高、碳元素少、病原菌多的特点,直接排放会污染环境、影响生态平衡,因此排放前需经过适当净化处理。为此,采用电絮凝—超滤组合工艺对设施农业营养废液进行处理,重点研究了电絮凝—超滤组合工艺对营养废液中污染物的去除效果,同时考察了电流密度和电解时间对处理效果的影响。结果表明,电絮凝—超滤组合工艺对大肠杆菌、总磷、总氮和总有机碳(TOC)都有一定的去除效果,在电流密度为1.78mA/cm2、电解时间为30min、超滤压力为0.16 MPa的条件下,其去除率分别为99.88%、99.76%、47.59%、28.72%。因此,电絮凝—超滤组合工艺对设施农业营养废液有较好的处理效果。     

PPP机制在城市污水处理行业中的应用

PPP模式作为公共部门与私人企业合作的一种模式,可以有效地缓解基础设施建设资金紧张的状况,是一种基于双赢或多赢理念基础上而形成的模式,目前已被许多国家广泛采用。在我国推行公用事业市场化改革的背景下,该模式具有广阔的应用前景。本文分析了该模式在我国城市污水处理行业中应用的主要形式,以及该模式在我国现实环境下面临的风险、存在的问题和相应的解决办法,并为政府推进PPP模式的应用提供了相关的建议。     

火电厂环保设施运行状态及性能评价技术研究

介绍了火电厂环保设施运行状态及性能评价技术的创新性研究,包括研究方法、评价方法、评价技术及实际应用情况。该研究是继火电厂工程减排、结构减排后的重要管理技术创新,为进一步促进火电厂环保设施安全、稳定、可靠、经济运行,确保达标排放,推进火电行业管理减排和技术监督提供了技术支持。     

Compensation for risks: host community benefits in siting locally unwanted facilities

This article analyzes the recent negotiations connected with siting 24 solid-waste landfills in Wisconsin. We examine the association between the type and amount of compensation paid to host communities by facility developers and the size of facilities, certain facility characteristics, the timing of negotiated agreements, the size of the host community, and the socioeconomic status of the host area. Our findings suggest that the level of compensation after adjusting for landfill capacity is positively associated with the percentage of total facility capacity dedicated to host community use, positively associated with the percentage of people of the host area who are in poverty, and larger for public facilities that accept municipal wastes. Other explanatory variables we examined, whose association with levels of compensation proved statistically insignificant, were facility size, facility status (new vs expansion), facility use (countyonly vs multicounty), timing of negotiation, host community size, and the host area education level, population density, and per capita income. We discuss the policy implications of our principal findings and future research questions in light of the persistent opposition surrounding the siting of solid-waste and other waste-management facilities.     

地震作用下浮放物体的运动研究

本文从浮放物体的基本运动方程出发,导出了浮放物体受震振动的运动参数表达式,它是用仿真技术研究浮放物体地震运动的基本公式.