纸塑铝复合包装废物的回收与再生利用现状

通过对典型的垃圾填埋场和复合包装再生利用企业的调研,分析了我国现有复合包装废物产生与回收再生利用的现状.并针对纸塑铝复合包装材料的结构和特点,对现有复合包装材料的再生利用技术进行研究比较,指出了我国复合包装回收利用过程中亟待解决的问题及未来的研究方向.     

浙江省包装印刷行业挥发性有机物排放特征及排放系数

本文通过2105年浙江省254家包装印刷企业的调查数据,剖析了该行业原辅料组分及挥发性有机物(VOCs)污染治理现状,并筛选出100家典型企业,按印刷工艺划分阐述包装印刷行业VOCs排放特征、核算VOCs排放系数.结果表明,浙江省近2/3包装印刷企业未能有效处理VOCs,且大部分企业仍使用溶剂型原辅料,主要排放污染因子为乙酸乙酯、异丙醇、乙醇、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯等9种物质.全省包装印刷行业VOCs平均排放系数为0.485 kg·kg~(-1),其中凹印工艺排放系数最高,为0.634 kg·kg~(-1).与物料衡算法计算值相比,由排放系数得到的排放量误差控制在15%以内.     

A comprehensive waste collection cost model applied to post-consumer plastic packaging waste

Post-consumer plastic packaging waste (PPW) can be collected for recycling via source separation or post-separation. In source separation, households separate plastics from other waste before collection, whereas in post-separation waste is separated at a treatment centre after collection. There are also two collection schemes, either curb side or via drop-off locations. These different schemes have impact on total costs of collection at the municipal level. It can also influence the facility choices and network design. Therefore, a method which can compare costs of various collection schemes is needed.A comprehensive cost model was developed to compare costs of municipal collection schemes of PPW. The ‘municipal waste collection cost model’ is based on variables including fixed and variable costs per vehicle, personnel cost, container or bag costs as well as on emission costs (using imaginary carbon taxes). The model can be used for decision support when strategic changes to the collection scheme of municipalities are considered. The model takes into account the characteristics of municipalities, including urbanization degree and taxation schemes for household waste management.The model was applied to the Dutch case of post-consumer plastic packaging waste. Results showed that that in general post-separation collection has the lowest costs and curb side collection in urban municipalities without residual waste collection taxing schemes the highest. These results were supported by the conducted sensitivity analysis, which showed that higher source separation responses are negatively related to curb side collection costs. Greenhouse gas emission costs are a significant part of the total costs when collecting post-consumer plastic packaging waste due to the low density to weight ratio of the materials collect. These costs can amount to 15% of the total collection costs.