An earthquake disaster in Turkey: an overview of the experience of the Israeli Defence Forces Field Hospital in Adapazari

On 17 August 1999 at 3:04 a.m., an earthquake of 7.4 magnitude (Richter scale) struck the Marmara region in Turkey. The city of Adapazari suffered 2,680 fatalities with approximately 5,300 injured. The Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) field hospital arrived at Adapazari, on day four after the quake. The team consisted of 102 personnel. The field hospital acted as a secondary referral centre. A total of 1,205 patients were treated in the field hospital between day four and day 14 of the earthquake. The frequency distribution of the medical problems seen in the field hospital was 32 per cent internal medicine, 13 per cent general surgery including plastic, 21 per cent orthopaedic surgery, 23 per cent paediatric disease, 10 per cent obstetrics and gynaecology and 1 per cent major psychiatric disorders. A mean number of 35 patients per day were hospitalised in the field hospital for between 24 hours to one week. The rapid establishment of the field hospital enabled the local medical facilities to 'buy time' in order to organise and restore surgical and hospitalisation abilities in this disastrous situation.     

军用鞋靴足底压力的舒适性测试分析

基于先进的足底压力分布测试系统。本文分析了6种军用鞋靴样品在穿着中速行走时的受力舒适性。首次提出并应用了极大应力值、持续时间及位置、应力分散程度、压力中心移动曲线等有效参量数据，对鞋靴的适体性、弯曲刚度、减震性能、崴磨脚与否等舒适性指标进行客观定量的评价。实践证明，其手段、方法和结论可为我军军用鞋靴的设计、选材及定型提供重要参考意见。     

The future of humanitarian action: mapping the implications of Iraq and other recent crises

In late 2003 the Feinstein International Famine Center, in partnership with institutions in London, Geneva and Washington, organised a series of consultations on the future of humanitarian action post-Iraq. This article is based on those discussions. A number of recurring concerns are elaborated, ranging from the perception of humanitarianism as a Northern-driven and Northern-controlled enterprise, through the politicisation of security and the devaluation of the protective power of emblems, to the very nature of how the crisis in Iraq is perceived. The article explores the implications of such issues for humanitarian workers and their institutions. It concludes by framing an agenda for action by the humanitarian sector.     

高原地区军用箱式装备内部环境条件试验研究

在高原格尔木地区对箱式装备集装箱内部环境条件如温度、大气温度、太阳辐射强度及风速等数据进行了测试,利用模糊系统分析的方法,建立了非线性数学模型,预测出该地区集装箱内部最恶劣的温度范围,为危险军用物资集装箱安全储运提供了理论依据并提出相应的建议和对策。     

京津冀地区典型印刷企业VOCs排放特征及臭氧生成潜势分析

本研究在京津冀地区选取23家典型印刷企业进行调研,并对其中具备采样条件的企业通过气袋采样-GC-MSD/FID采集及分析系统,获得48组分析结果,定量分析了京津冀地区印刷企业VOCs的排放特征,并估算其臭氧生成潜势.结果表明,各企业排气筒有组织排放的VOCs(以非甲烷总烃表征)浓度差异很大,包装印刷企业VOCs排放浓度范围为29. 9～755. 0 mg·m~(-3),出版物印刷企业VOCs排放浓度范围为3. 3～99. 0 mg·m~(-3);各企业车间印刷工位中,包装印刷企业VOCs排放浓度在129. 7～958. 4 mg·m~(-3)之间,出版物印刷企业VOCs排放浓度范围为19. 1～113. 7 mg·m~(-3);包装印刷企业排放的VOCs浓度普遍高于出版物印刷企业,这与其使用溶剂型油墨有关. VOCs组分构成方面,包装印刷和出版物印刷企业印刷工位排放的VOCs中,含氧VOCs均为首要VOCs种类,占比在32. 6%～99. 4%之间,其次是烷烃.臭氧生成潜势方面,印刷企业臭氧生成潜势(OFP值)平均值为505. 5 mg·m~(-3),其中包装印刷企业为564. 1 mg·m~(-3),出版物印刷企业为52. 9 mg·m~(-3);臭氧生成系数(SR值)平均值为1. 24 g·g-1,其中包装印刷企业为1. 70 g·g-1、出版物印刷企业为0. 89 g·g-1.从OFP值和SR值可以看出,包装印刷企业应作为未来京津冀地区印刷行业VOCs管控的重点.     

The Impact of Occupational Load Carriage on Carrier Mobility: A Critical Review of the Literature

Military personnel and firefighters are required to carry occupational loads and complete tasks in hostile and unpredictable environments where a lack of mobility may risk lives. This review critically examines the literature investigating the impacts of load carriage on the mobility of these specialist personnel. Several literature databases, reference lists, and subject matter experts were employed to identify relevant studies. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were critiqued using the Downs and Black protocol. Inter-rater agreement was determined by Cohen’s κ Twelve original research studies, which included male and female participants from military and firefighting occupations, were critiqued (κ = .81). A review of these papers found that as the carried load weight increased, carrier mobility during aerobic tasks (like road marching) and anaerobic tasks (like obstacle course negotiation) decreased. As such, it can be concluded that the load carried by some specialist personnel may increase their occupational risk by reducing their mobility.     

特殊环境下清障爆破方法研究

分析了地下军事设施战损抢修清障爆破的环境特点,在分析多种影响因素的基础上确定了高能燃烧剂爆破和聚能切割爆破2种清障方法,并介绍了各自的作用原理和基本设计。爆破试验结果表明,高能燃烧剂爆破和聚能切割爆破在地下军事设施战损抢修清障爆破中的应用是可行的。     

浅析毛泽东军事思想在灭火救援中的运用

毛泽东军事思想可谓已渗透到社会生活的各个领域,有着深刻的内涵和广泛的实践意义,把毛泽东战略战术军事思想用于指导如今消防部队灭火救援战斗行动,从中吸取运筹帷幄、启迪制胜的战略思维和战术策略,是毛泽东军事思想对新的军事实践予以科学理论指导的又一充分体现.     

军用组合式集装箱联结器失效分析

简要介绍了军用组合式集装箱联结器常见的失效形式,分析了各种失效的原因.指出军用组合式集装箱联结器在设计、制造、使用中的任何一个环节的不当,都可能会造成其失效;军用组合式集装箱联结器的失效原因,涉及到从材料、加工、结构、受力、使用环境到相关零件分析的多个过程.给出了一些典型工程失效分析案例,提出了相应的预防改进措施.     

军队油料运输安全内涵和风险分析研究

运输环节是军队油料安全供应过程中的薄弱环节,且影响运输安全的原因复杂多变。通过对军队油料运输安全概念内涵的分析,找出了影响军队油料运输安全的主要因素,并结合风险评价矩阵的分析方法,对不安全因素影响程度进行了排序,指出了军队油料运输面临的主要风险,从而提出了应对其风险的主要对策与建议。