Efficiency characterization of fire extinguishing compound superfine powder containing Mg(OH)2

To improve the fire extinguishing efficiency of existing dry powders, a new type of superfine dry powder was prepared using magnesium hydroxide as an additive. In our study, a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to analyze the thermal decomposition of the synthesized powders. The temperature of thermal decomposition, weight loss, and other thermodynamic parameters of the fire extinguishing powders were analyzed to explain the performance advantages of the compound superfine powder. Through a small-scale fire experiment, the physical parameters of the extinguishing process—such as extinguish time, powder dosage, smoke concentration, and minimum extinguishing concentration—were quantified for the suppression of a diesel fire using the different powders; these parameters were used to evaluate the fire extinguishing capacity and toxic gas suppression ability of the powders. TGA demonstrated that the compound superfine powder decomposed more quickly and its thermal decomposition process was much shorter than those of the other powders. The DSC data indicated that the compound superfine powder could decrease the characteristic temperature at each stage and thus the powder absorbed the flame's heat more quickly and suppressed flame propagation. The fire extinguishing test demonstrated that the consumption of the three types of fire extinguishing powder decreased with an increase in the driving pressure, and the order of powder dosage was as follows: commercial dry powder > superfine powder > compound superfine powder. Similarly, the order of minimum extinguishing concentration was as follows: commercial dry powder > superfine powder > compound superfine powder. Furthermore, the compound superfine powder exhibited a greater capacity for controlling toxic and harmful gas emissions.     

钢渣热焖技术分析与应用实践

综合分析了珠海中冶环保建筑材料有限公司50万t/a钢渣生产线所采用的熔融钢渣辊压-有压自解技术的特点,及其在2014年的主要技术和经济指标。结果表明,熔融钢渣辊压-有压热闷自解处理技术具有适应性强、处理时间短、尾渣稳定性好等特点,是实现钢渣高价值资源化利用的新技术,具有广阔的发展前景。     

多微孔苄基化木粉对Cu2+和Pb2+的吸附研究

以中国杉木粉为研究对象,经苄基化改性和水热处理制得多微孔苄基化木粉.同时,以多微孔苄基化木粉为吸附材料,研究了苄基化木粉的增重率、溶液的p H值、接触时间、离子初始浓度和吸附温度等因素对Cu2+和Pb2+吸附效果的影响,并采用红外光谱、扫描电镜、核磁共振等分析手段对木粉改性与水热处理前后的材料进行了结构表征.结果表明:木粉经苄基化改性及水热处理后所制得的多微孔苄基化木粉对Cu2+和Pb2+的吸附百分率比原木粉分别提高57%和209%,木粉的苄基化程度、溶液的p H值、接触时间、离子初始浓度和温度是影响Cu2+和Pb2+吸附百分率的重要因素.当溶液的p H值为5.5,Cu2+和Pb2+的浓度为30 mg·L-1,吸附温度为40℃,吸附时间为60 min,多微孔苄基化木粉质量为溶液质量的2.0%时,Cu2+去除率达94.4%,Pb2+去除率达88.7%.     

Synthesis of novel hapten and production of generic monoclonal antibody for immunoassay of penicillins residues in milk

The objective of this study was to produce a generic monoclonal antibody for determination of penicillins residues in milk. The compound 6-aminopenicillanic acid was used as the template to synthesize two novel generic haptens that were used to produce the monoclonal antibodies. The obtained monoclonal antibodies simultaneously recognized 11 penicillin drugs (amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin G, penicillin V, sulbenicillin, carbencillin, methicillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, oxacillin, and nafcillin). After evaluation of different reagent combinations, a heterologous indirect competitive enzyme immunoassay was developed to multi-determine the 11 drugs in milk. The crossreactivities to the 11 drugs were in a range of 16%–117% and the limits of detection were in a range of 0.7–9.3 ng/mL depending on the drug. The recoveries from the fortified blank milk were in a range of 77.6%–99.4% with coefficients of variation lower than 13.5%. This method could be used as a rapid screen tool for routine monitoring the residues of the 11 penicillin drugs in animal derived foods.     

Industrial accidents in spray dryer plants for dairy products in Europe

Despite the fact that the information about past accidents is an integral part of accident prevention, the information about industrial accidents is not commonly available in food and agricultural sectors. Spray dryer plants for dairy products are not an exception. The aim of this paper is the creation of the representative database for industrial spray drying accidents in order to identify their major causes. The paper is divided into 8 chapters. The first two chapters deal with the general information about technology of spray drying of dairy products. The third chapter provides the outputs from the authors' database containing records of 25 accidents in milk drying facilities in Europe. These accidents took place between 1999 and 2019 in six European countries. Based on the accident database, the most common causes of accidents were identified. Processes that can cause a fire, an explosion, or damage to environment are described in the fourth, fifth and sixth chapter. The seventh chapter deals with process, technical and organizational measures; these were discussed using literature research and the results of the accident database. The eighth chapter is the conclusion with a focus on further improvement of process safety through newly developed protective tools.     

Determination of fumonisins in milk

Abstract

Fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) and fumonisin B₂ (FB₂) were determined in milk by liquid chromatography (LC) following immunoaffinity column cleanup. Recoveries from milk spiked with 5–50 ng each fumonisin/ml averaged 79–109%. The aminopentol hydrolysis product of FB₁ (AP₁) was determined by LC after cleanup on a C₁₈solid phase phase extraction column; mean recoveries were 69–83% at spiking levels of 50–100 ng AP₁/ml milk. Detection limits were of the order 3–7 ng/ml for FB₁ and FB₂, and 20–25 ng/ml for AP₁. A stability study showed no losses of FB₁ and FB₂ in milk under conditions of freezing, refrigeration and boiling. A transmission study using four cows dosed with pure FB₁, either orally (1.0 and 5.0 mg FB₁/kg b.w.) or by i.v. injection (0.05 and 0.20 mg FB₁/kg b.w.) showed no detectable residues of FB, or AP₁ in the milk, with or without hydroiytic treatment with β‐glucuronidase/sulfatase to liberate any conjugates.     

FE型电袋复合除尘器在大型燃煤机组上的应用

介绍了FE型电袋复合除尘器的特点,以及其在大型燃煤机组上的应用情况,运行结果显示,该新型除尘器不仅可以满足更高的排放要求,而且可以长期稳定运行,并对细微粉尘有更好的捕集效果;可从根本上解决大型燃煤机组粉尘排放的难题。     

欧版磨粉机在脱硫石灰石制粉中的应用

环保脱硫工艺中的脱硫剂大都为石灰石粉，石灰石粉的品质、细度及粒径分布是影响脱硫效果的关键性因素之一，而选择合适的石灰石粉制备的工艺和装备则对整个脱硫过程起着至关重要的作用；本文重点介绍了欧版磨粉机制备脱硫石灰石粉的技术特点及其在环保脱硫石灰石制粉中的应用。     

PPS水刺毡滤料控制PM2.5的性能研究

通过对PPS水刺毡与传统的PPS针刺毡各项性能的对比研究,结果表明PPS水刺毡不仅在机械性能上较PPS针刺毡有明显的优势,更在过滤性能上体现出高效、低阻、长寿命的特性。     

Dioxin concentration in human milk in Hebei province in China and Tokyo, Japan: potential dietary risk factors and determination of possible sources

Very limited information is available on body burdens and environmental levels of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) in mainland China. In the current studies, human milk samples were collected from 30 breastfeeding mothers in Shijiazhuang city (industrialized) and 11 in the Tanshan countryside (agricultural) of Hebei Province in northern China. An additional 20 samples were obtained from mothers in Tokyo, Japan. PCDDs, PCDFs, and dl-PCBs in human milk were analyzed by high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. Our results show that arithmetic means for body burdens of PCDDs/Fs and dl-PCBs in Hebei were 3.6 and 1.9 pg TEQ g⁻¹ fat, respectively, which were only about one fourth of the levels in Japan. In addition, no difference was found in the chemical levels except dl-PCBs between the urban and rural areas. Based on the results of an in-person interview of the Chinese mothers using a 59-item questionnaire, freshwater fish consumption was found to correlate with the body burden of dioxins. Principal component analysis of dioxin congeners revealed that the patterns of dioxins in the Hebei urban and rural areas are quite similar; however, they are clearly different from those in Japan. Collectively, our results suggest that the lower body burdens of dioxin in Hebei may be due in part to the relatively slow industrialization and a lower consumption of marine foods. Finally, the results indicate that comprehensive monitoring of dioxins and dl-PCBs in humans as well as in the environment and foods is necessary in China.