超细电气石粉吸附水体中的Cu（Ⅱ）、Pb（Ⅱ）和Zn（Ⅱ）

通过对吸附时间、电气石用量、初始溶液pH值、初始离子浓度和吸附温度等单因素试验,研究超细电气石粉对水中重金属离子Cu（Ⅱ）、Pb（Ⅱ）和Zn（Ⅱ）的吸附性能。实验发现：超细电气石粉对3种重金属离子的吸附均符合Langmuir吸附等温模型。超细电气石粉对Cu（Ⅱ）、Pb（Ⅱ）和zn（Ⅱ）的饱和吸附量分别是18．59、133．33mg／g和15．41mg／g。超细电气石粉对重金属离子的吸附量随着溶液的初始pH值和电气石用量的增加而增加,随着重金属离子浓度的增加而减小。超细电气石粉能够提高金属溶液的pH值。温度对超细电气石粉吸附重金属离子的影响较小。超细电气石粉对混合溶液中的Cu（Ⅱ）、Pb（Ⅱ）和Zn（Ⅱ）的吸附属于竞争性吸附,其选择性吸附由大到小的顺序为：Pb（Ⅱ）,Cu（Ⅱ）,Zn（Ⅱ）。     

Preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic activities of boron- and cerium-codoped TiO2

Boron- and cerium-codoped TiO2 photocatalysts were synthesized using modified sol-gel reaction process and characterized by X- ray diffraction （XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, particle size distribution （PSD）, diffuse reflectance spectra （DRS）, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET）. The photocatalytic activities were evaluated by monitoring the degradation of dye Acid Red B （ARB）. The results showed that the prepared photocatalysts were mixed oxides mainly consisting of titania, ceria, and boron oxide. The structure of TiO2 could be transformed from amorphous to anatase and then to rutile by increasing calcination temperature; the transformation being accompanied by the growth of particle size without any obvious change in phase structure of CeO2. The XPS of B1.6Ce1.0-TiO2 prepared at 500℃ showed that a few boron atoms were incorporated into titania and ceria lattice, whereas others existed as B2O3. Cerium ions existed in two states, Ce^3＋ and Ce^4＋, and the atomic ratio of Ce^3＋/Ce^4＋ was 1.86. When boron and cerium were doped, the UV-Vis adsorption band wavelength showed an obvious shift toward the visible range （〈526 nm）. As the atomic ratio of Ce/Ti increased to 1.0, the absorbance edge wavelength increased to 481 nm. The absorbance edge wavelength decreased for higher cerium doping levels （Ce/Ti=2.0）. The particles size ranged from 122 to 255 nm with a domain at 168 nm （39.4%）. The degradation of ARB dye indicated that the photocatalytic activities of boron- and cerium-codoped TiO2 were much higher than those of P25 （a standard TiO2 powder）. The activities increased as the boron doping increased, whereas decreased when the Ce/Ti atomic ratio was greater than 0.5. The optimum atomic ratio of B/Ti and Ce/Ti was 1.6 and 0.5, respectively.     

糖蜜、淀粉与乳品废水厌氧发酵法生物制氢

采用连续流厌氧发酵法研究了糖蜜废水、淀粉废水与牛奶废水生物制氢,讨论了有机物中3大类物质的厌氧发酵产氢的可行性,并对几种底物的产氢稳定性进行了探讨.结果表明,糖蜜废水与淀粉废水都是较好的厌氧发酵法生物产氢底物,在3大类有机物中碳水化合物是目前技术条件下最具有可能性的原材料.在碳水化合物中,溶解性好的糖比溶解性差的淀粉在目前的技术条件下具有生物产氢可行性,而淀粉比溶解性糖更具有产氢前景.不同底物厌氧生物制氢的生态位范围有所不同,对于溶解性好的糖,稳定运行的工程控制参数为pH 4.5±0.3,而溶解性较差的淀粉废水为pH 4.0±0.2;厌氧发酵产氢的ORP值也随底物的不同而不同,但总体必须低于-220mV,在-300mV左右时较好.牛奶废水不适用于作为CSTR反应器中发酵法生物制氢底物.     

钢渣粉末吸附去除废水中磷的研究

选用平均粒径为0.060mm的钢渣粉末作为除磷吸附剂,分析了其组成和结构,研究了溶液pH和温度对钢渣粉末吸附效果的影响,结合吸附动力学过程和吸附等温模型及钢渣粉末组成成分变化探讨其吸附除磷的机理。结果表明:钢渣粉末吸附除磷的动力学过程符合准二级动力学模型。Langmuir等温吸附模型能较好地模拟钢渣对磷的等温吸附过程,理论饱和吸附量为94.61mg/g。钢渣粉末对磷的吸附量远大于钢渣颗粒,且受pH和温度影响较大。随着溶液pH的增大,钢渣粉末对磷的吸附量逐渐减小,当pH=5时,钢渣粉末对磷的吸附量最大。温度升高,有利于钢渣粉末对磷的吸附。X射线荧光光谱(XRF)和傅里叶红外分析(FITR)结果表明,钢渣粉末中CaO、Fe2O3和SiO2在吸附除磷中均发挥了重要作用。     

绿肥间作和秸秆覆盖对冬季油菜根际土壤有机碳及土壤呼吸的影响

在全球变暖的大背景下,农田土壤呼吸成为农业碳排放的主要途径,而绿肥对抑制温室气体排放、实现节能减排有巨大潜力.在我国西南紫色土地区,有关绿肥间作条件下的农田土壤呼吸特征尚不明确.通过绿肥紫云英与油菜间作,重点研究了秸秆覆盖条件下紫云英与油菜间作对冬季油菜根际土壤有机碳及土壤呼吸的影响.结果表明,与秸秆覆盖相比,隔根方式成为影响油菜根际土壤有机碳含量的主要因素,绿肥间作使油菜根际土壤有机碳含量显著降低;秸秆覆盖可促进油菜田间土壤呼吸,而绿肥间作抑制了油菜田间土壤呼吸,土壤呼吸受油菜生育阶段影响较大,呈现出先下降后升高再下降的总体特征,且与土壤温度之间表现出回归式抛物线关系,根际呼吸在油菜生长后期成为土壤呼吸的主要成分.     

Accumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in breast milk of women from an e-waste recycling center in China

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs) can be transferred to infants through the ingestion of breast milk, resulting in potential health risk. In this study, PBDEs, hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers(OH-PBDEs) and 2,2′,4,4′,5,6′-hexachlorobiphenyl(CB-153)in human milk from women living adjacent to e-waste recycling sites of Wenling,China, were investigated. The median level of PBDEs in samples from residents living in the e-waste recycling environment 20 years(R_20group, 19.5 ng/g lipid weight(lw))was significantly higher than that for residents living in Wenling 3 years(R_3group,3.88 ng/g lw)(p 0.05), likely ascribable to specific exposure to PBDEs from e-waste recycling activities. In the R_20 group, most congeners(except for BDE-209) were correlated with each other(p 0.05). Moreover, CB-153 showed significant association with most PBDE congeners, rather than BDE-209. The relationship indicated that most BDE congeners other than BDE-209 shared common sources and/or pathways with CB-153, e.g., dietary ingestion. The correlations between BDE-209 and other congeners were different in the two groups, likely suggesting their different exposure sources and/or pathways for PBDEs.Although estimated dietary intake of PBDEs for infants via breast milk was lower than the minimum value affecting human health, the PBDE exposure of infants should be of great concern because of their potential effect on the development of neonates over long-term exposure. OH-PBDEs were not detected in the collected samples, which is in accordance with reports in published literature, likely indicating that they were not apt to be accumulated in human milk.     

膜生物反应器处理低温低浊水的工艺研究

针对低温低浊水处理的难题,采用膜生物反应器(MBR) 工艺对松花江冬季原水进行处理试验研究,考察MBR工艺对浑浊度和有机污染物的去除效果及膜过滤周期.试验结果表明,MBR工艺对浑浊度的去除率在90%以上,出水浑浊度低于1NTU.对高锰酸盐指数和UV₂₅₄的去除率分别可达40%～50%和30%～45%.膜过滤周期较长,可达60～70 h.投加PAC可提高对有机物的去除率,但对膜过滤性能的影响不显著.MBR工艺可有效处理低温低浊水,出水水质优于常规工艺出水水质.在原水有机物污染严重时,可投加PAC形成PAC-MBR组合工艺,增强对有机污染物的去除效果.     

催化湿式氧化催化剂及处理技术研究

通过共沉淀制备了４类主活性成分分别为Ｃｕ、Ｃｅ、Ｃｄ和Ｃｏ－Ｂｉ的粉末催化剂,用于催化湿式氧化（ＣＷＡＯ）处理染料中间体Ｈ－酸溶液,通过实验确定了催化湿式氧化的条件,不同催化剂的处理效果比较表明,Ｃｕ／Ｃｅ（３：１）催化剂较好,当反应湿度为２００℃,氧分压为３．０ＭＰａ,ＰＨ＝１２．０,反应时间为３０ｍｉｎ时,ＣＯＤ的支大于９０％     

紫云英还田与化肥减量配施对稻田土壤细菌群落组成和功能的影响

紫云英是豫南稻区土壤培肥的重要有机肥资源,探究紫云英还田与化肥减量配施对稻田土壤理化性质和细菌群落特性的影响,旨在为该区域的土壤培肥和化肥减量提供依据.开展连续12 a田间定位试验,设置了6个施肥处理(空白对照,CK;单施化肥,F100;80%化肥和22.5t·hm^-2紫云英还田量配施,MV1F80;80%化肥和45 t·hm^-2紫云英还田量配施,MV2F80;60%化肥和22.5 t·hm^-2紫云英还田量配施,MV1F60;60%化肥和45 t·hm^-2紫云英还田量配施,MV2F60).通过采用高通量测序方法比较不同施肥处理对土壤细菌群落多样性、组成和结构特性的影响;采用FAPROTAX功能预测的方法分析不同施肥处理间功能类群的丰度差异,并结合土壤理化性质,探究改变土壤细菌群落结构与功能特性的关键土壤环境因子.结果表明,紫云英还田与化肥减量配施降低了土壤容重,提高了土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)和全钾(TK)含量,较CK提高的范围分别为12.7%～35.5%、38.2%～65.7...     

用粉煤灰处理印染废水

随着科学技术的迅速发展,粉煤灰的利用价值越来越被人们所重视.阜新毛条厂印染废水设计采用阜新市热电厂粉煤灰进行处理,本方案对COD 的去除率为 75% ,对BOD 的去除率为76% ,对色度的去除率为71.4% ,效果良好,其一次投资及运行费用较其它处理方法也低得多.用粉煤灰处理印染废水可达到以废治废的效果,在我国是一项新的尝试,其理论基础及处理工艺很值得研究与推广