用粉煤灰处理印染废水

随着科学技术的迅速发展,粉煤灰的利用价值越来越被人们所重视.阜新毛条厂印染废水设计采用阜新市热电厂粉煤灰进行处理,本方案对COD 的去除率为 75% ,对BOD 的去除率为76% ,对色度的去除率为71.4% ,效果良好,其一次投资及运行费用较其它处理方法也低得多.用粉煤灰处理印染废水可达到以废治废的效果,在我国是一项新的尝试,其理论基础及处理工艺很值得研究与推广     

弥散铜镦挤成形过程的数值模拟

通过有限元计算机模拟系统DEFORM对弥散铜粉末体材料镦挤过程进行数值模拟 ,说明了弥散铜的变形特征和致密化过程。其结果与粉末体变形理论一致。通过数值模拟 ,可预测成形载荷和产品组织性能 ,可进行工艺参数的优化     

粉锻件预制坯的设计

讨论了粉锻件预制坯的设计内容预制坯密度的选择、形状和尺寸的设计 ,讨论了粉锻件预制坯的分类简单形状预制坯和近似形状预制坯 ,讨论直齿轮、伞齿轮、法兰件和长轴类粉锻件预制坯的设计     

金属粉末成形过程中出现裂纹的分类研究

分析了金属粉末成形过程中出现裂纹的特点和形成原因，并根据裂纹形成的阶段和形成原回，将金属粉末成形过程中出现的裂纹进行了系统分类。     

不同粒径磷矿粉钝化土壤重金属Cd、Pb的机制研究

采用盆栽试验,研究磷矿粉不同粒径（0．1、1．5、150txm）的3种不同用量（1、2,4g·kg。土）钝化土壤重金属cd和Ph的效应及机制。结果表明,磷矿粉的粒径越小、用量越大,上海青产量越高,叶面积越大,植物体内cd、Pb的含量越低,土壤中交换态Cd、Pb的含量越低,残渣态cd、Pb的含量越高。与对照相比,0．1μm磷矿粉高用量（4g·kg-1土）的处理上海青的产量和叶面积分别显著增加87．3％和147．9％,叶中cd和Ph含量分别显著降低46．9％和61．9％,根中Cd和Pb含量分别显著降低47．9％和35.3％,土壤交换态cd和Ph含量分别降低44．8％和44．9％。150μm磷矿粉低用量（1g·kg-1土）处理叶面积、植物体内Cd、Pb含量与对照都没有达到显著差异。1．5μm磷矿粉处理效果介于0．1μm和150pm磷矿粉处理之间。可见,O．1μm磷矿粉钝化土壤重金属效果最好,其机制是降低了植物容易吸收的交换态cd和Pb的含量。     

Coupled mother-child model for bioaccumulation of POPs in nursing infants

Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) leads to high levels in human milk and high doses of POPs for nursing infants. This is currently not considered in chemical risk assessment. A coupled model for bioaccumulation of organic chemicals in breast-feeding mother and nursing infant was developed and tested for a series of organic compounds. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) in mother, breast milk and child were predicted to vary with log K_OW and, for volatile compounds, with K_AW and concentration in air. The concentrations of POPs in the infant body increase the first half year to about factor 3 above mother and decline thereafter to lower levels. The predicted results are close to empirical data and to an empirical regression. The new mother–child model is compact due to its easy structure and the analytical matrix solution. It could be added to existing exposure and risk assessment systems, such as EUSES.     

可渗透反应墙对地下水中多氯联苯的处理

以还原铁粉、铸铁粉、铸铁粉与活性炭的混合物为可渗透反应墙(PRB)的主要反应介质,设计了三种反应体系,处理多氯联苯PCBs(1242)污染的地下水.在有效孔隙率为60%-65%,水力停留时间为12-14.4h的条件下,考察其对污染物的去除效果.结果显示:三个反应体系中,pH值从6.83分别升高到10.66,9.40和8.50;氧化还原电位从81mV分别降到-30mV,-18mV和12mV;PCBs(1242)的去除率分别为91.0%,93.9%,94.5%.     

凝结水精处理技术的应用及发展

概述了凝结水精处理技术的国内外发展现状及主要工艺,对国内外主要系统供应商的技术特点进行了分析总结。     

Sequestration of toxic Pb(Ⅱ) ions by chemically treated rubber(Hevea brasiliensis) leaf powder

Rubber leaf powder(an agricultural waste) was treated with potassium permanganate followed by sodium carbonate and its performance in the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution was evaluated.The interactions between Pb(Ⅱ) ions and functional groups on the adsorbent surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy(SEM) coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDX).The effects of several important parameters which can affect adsorption capacity such as pH,adsorbent dosage,initial lead concentration and contact time were studied.The optimum pH range for lead adsorption was 4-5.Even at very low adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g,almost 100% of Pb(Ⅱ) ions(23 mg/L) could be removed.The adsorption capacity was also dependent on lead concentration and contact time,and relatively a short period of time(60-90 min) was required to reach equilibrium.The equilibrium data were analyzed with Langmuir,Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms.Based on Langmuir model,the maximum adsorption capacity of lead was 95.3 mg/g.Three kinetic models including pseudo first-order,pseudo second-order and Boyd were used to analyze the lead adsorption process,and the results showed that the pseudo second-order fitted well with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99.     

微生物菌粉与菌液矿化固结Zn~(2+)的研究与对比

利用碳酸盐矿化菌在底物诱导下的酶化作用,分解产生碳酸根离子,矿化固结环境(土壤水体)当中的游离重金属离子,减少其危险。文章以Zn2+溶液模拟重金属离子污染体系,研究过程中发现,生产的矿化产物主要是ZnO.5(OH)62(CO)3。分别用菌粉和菌液进行微生物矿化试验,对矿化产物进行底物分解率,SEM,XRD,矿化粒径的对比研究。从对比研究结果看,菌粉复活后,可以达到与菌液基本相同的矿化效果。而菌粉相对于菌液而言,其主要优势在于能长时间储存,产品体积小,运输起来更方便,因此,菌粉具有更广泛的应用性。