Characterisation of Organic Matter and Carbon Cycling in Rehabilitated Lignite-rich Mine Soils

Open-cast lignite mining in the Lusatian mining district resulted in rehabilitated mine soils containing up to four organic matter types: (1) recent plant litter, (2) lignite deposited by mining activity, (3) carbonaceous ash particles deposited during amelioration of the lignite-containing parent substrate and (4) airborne carbonaceous particles deposited during contamination. The influence of lignite-derived carbon types on the organic matter development and their role in the soil carbon cycle was unknown. This paper presents the findings obtained during a six year project concerning the impact of lignite on soil organic matter composition and the biogeochemical functioning of the ecosystem. The organic matter development after rehabilitation was followed in a chronosequence of rehabilitated mine soils afforested in 1966, 1981 and 1987. A differentiation of the organic matter types and an evaluation of their role within the ecosystem was achieved by the use of ¹⁴C activity measurements, ¹³C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy and wet chemical analysis of plant litter compounds. The results showed that the amount and degree of decomposition of the recent organic matter derived from plant material of the 30 year old mine soil was similar to natural uncontaminated forest soil which suggests complete rehabilitation of the ecosystem. The decomposition and humification processes were not influenced by the presence of lignite. On the other hand it was shown that lignite, which was thought to be recalcitrant because of its chemical structure, was part of the carbon cycle in these soils. This demonstrates the need to elucidate further the stabilisation mechanisms of organic matter in soils.     

IMPACT OF COAL SURFACE MINING ON THREE OHIO WATERSHEDS - SURFACE-WATER HYDROLOGY1

ABSTRACT: A study was conducted to determine the effects of mining and reclaiming originally undisturbed watersheds on surface-water hydrology in three small experimental watersheds in Ohio. Approximately six years of data were collected at each site, with differing lengths of premining (Phase 1), mining and reclamation (Phase 2), and post-reclamation (Phase 3) periods. Mining and reclamation activities showed no consistent pattern iii base-flow, and caused slightly more frequent higher daily flow volumes. Phase 2 activities can cause reductions in seasonal variation in double mass curves compared with Phase 1. Restoration of seasonal variations was noticeably apparent at one site during Phase 3. The responses of the watersheds to rainfall intensities causing larger peak flow rates generally decreased due to mining and reclamation, but tended to exceed responses observed in Phase 1 during Phase 3. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) curve numbers increased due to mining and reclamation (Phase 2), ranging from 83 to 91. During Phase 3, curve numbers remained approximately constant from Phase 2, ranging from 87 to 91.     

关于煤矿安全法制化进程的几点思考

我国十一五规划对煤炭发展做出了新的要求,要建立和谐社会,煤矿安全是煤炭行业和谐发展的第一要务.煤矿安全立法相对滞后,现行法律缺乏针对性和可操作性,应加强煤矿安全立法.加强煤矿安全司法力度,对有效预防煤矿安全事故意义重大,同时应积极开展煤矿安全法制教育,提高煤矿从业人员的安全法治意识.强化煤矿安全执法力度,执法必严,是保障煤矿安全的关键环节.     

Ⅱ824-2综放工作面瓦斯综合治理试验研究

通过对淮北芦岭矿Ⅱ824-2综放工作面瓦斯综合治理的试验研究,摸索出了高瓦斯综放工作面瓦斯治理的有效方法,取得了较好的瓦斯抽放和通风排放效果.     

矿井安全CIMS技术研究

针对矿区CIMS技术的发展需要,探讨了以安全信息为主要内容的可视化系统,介绍了系统的功能、结构和技术特点.该系统具有工作可靠,使用方便的优点,能较好地实现煤矿安全信息的可视化和智能化集成管理,为矿井安全可靠运营提供保障.     

基于数据库的煤矿危险源辨识系统研究

目前,煤矿大多采用的是检查项和检查内容固定的安全检查表法,为提高煤矿危险源辨识效率和准确性,遏制煤矿事故的发生,从职业安全健康管理体系角度,探讨了煤矿危险源辨识问题,并设计了以煤矿安全信息管理系统为基础的危险源辨识系统,模拟煤矿现场实际情况;依据职业安全健康管理体系中危险源管理的模式筛选出数据库中的相关信息,动态生成与之相适应的安全检查表。同时对煤矿安全信息管理系统的结构、功能以及辨识程序进行了分析。     

矿井提升机盘闸制动系统工作状态监控与安全

运用故障树分析(FTA)方法分析矿井提升机盘式制动系统故障原因,包括机械故障、摩擦系数故障、液压故障等,提出矿井提升机盘闸制动系统的故障树,并给出了系统状态计算机测控系统方案。采用现代检测与计算机技术,对盘闸制动系统的主要故障进行综合检测;对摩擦系数进行间接检测;研究成果,为故障报警与控制提供了保障,报警与控制结合,提高了提升机盘闸制动系统的安全性。     

交换式以太网在矿井监控系统中的应用

介绍了矿井监控系统的主要结构,概述了当前几种流行的现场总线技术,阐述了交换式以太网的工作原理、特点.现有矿井监控系统或分站不兼容是由于现场总线和通信协议标准不统一.文中提出的交换式以太网可以解决这些不兼容问题,实现不同总线网络的互联.     

政策干预对提高煤矿职工素质影响探讨

煤矿井下作业人员素质低,是煤矿事故多发的重要原因之一.建议从大幅度提高煤矿井下人员工资待遇,吸引高素质人才从事煤矿工作;全方位开展煤矿职业培训工作,坚持先培训后就业,实行煤矿从业准入制;对现在岗的煤矿从业人员分期分批进行培训,实现煤矿从业人员持证上岗;政府出台政策,强制煤矿企业开展职工岗位技术培训和安全培训等4个方面着手,切实提高煤矿从业人员的整体素质,减少煤矿事故的发生.     

煤矿安全预评价的未确知测度模型及应用

矿井自然灾害的安全预评价涉及不确定因素众多.本文根据未确知数学理论,建立了预评价指标体系、置信度识别准则及评分准则,构造了矿井安全预评价未确知测度模型,并对矿井的各个安全指标进行了定量分析.用上述方法对黄陵二号井自然灾害的评定结果与实际耦合较好,从而为煤矿建设项目的安全预评价开辟了一条新途径.