某铀矿井氡析出量与排氡通风量的估算

在铀矿井中,氡及其子体对工作人员的危害极大,而通风降氡可为井下工作人员创造一个良好的工作环境,确保井下工人的安全和健康.本文根据某铀矿采场中氡的来源,分别探讨了矿体和围岩暴露表面、爆落矿石和地下水的氡析出量的具体估算方法,并估算出排氡及其子体所需风量,取通风量较大者为采场需风量,通过所得采场需风量计算出采场中氡浓度及其...     

矿业废弃物酸化及治理技术研究进展

矿业废弃物酸化是矿山环境污染的主要问题之一。酸化污染具有广泛性、严重性和长期性特点,世界各国都高度重视对固体酸化废弃物治理的研究。本文综述了矿业废弃物的酸化过程、控制机理、治理措施及研究进展。目前国内外发展的矿业废弃物酸化治理措施主要包括物理隔离技术、化学中和技术、植物稳定技术和微生物治理技术等。其中物理隔离技术费用较...     

铜矿尾矿库无土修复植物营养元素含量特征

分析了安徽铜陵冬瓜山铜矿杨山冲尾矿库10种无土修复植物中10种营养元素含量特征。结果表明：平均含量大于1000μg·g^-1的元素有7个,含量从太到小顺序为Ca〉N〉S〉K〉Fe〉Mg〉P;平均含量为100μg·g^-1～1000μg·g^-1。的元素有3个,含量从大到小的顺序为Na〉Si〉Mn。营养元素含量的变异系数...     

微震实时监测系统在金山店铁矿中的应用

本文介绍金山店铁矿微震实时监测系统的构成;并通过运用一种全新的虚拟仪器软件LabVIEW编程分析处理现场所采集的监测数据,确定井下地震事件的时间与空间分布.     

酸缓冲容量对污泥屏障重金属再溶出控制研究

借助污泥中的厌氧微生物活动,污泥屏障可用来固定尾矿堆场的重金属.针对尾矿风化淋滤形成的酸性采矿废水(acidmine drainage,AMD)与污泥屏障相互作用,可能会引起已固定重金属再次溶出问题,通过酸滴定实验,研究了不同厌氧培养时间的污泥悬液的酸缓冲容量及其对重金属再溶出的影响.结果表明,污泥悬液酸缓冲容量与悬液固液比成正比,并随着厌氧还原程度的加深而增加.碳酸盐缓冲体系和有机质缓冲体系对污泥悬液酸缓冲有重要意义.酸滴定实验发现,随着pH降至6.2以下,重金属Zn、Pb和Cu开始快速溶解释放,且释放量符合ZnCuPb.基于实验结果,建立了污泥屏障在AMD渗透条件下酸缓冲容量消耗的数学模型.模拟计算结果表明,对于厚度2.0 m的污泥屏障,即使在10.0 m水头的AMD渗透酸化条件下,有效酸缓冲容量经历666 a之后才能被耗尽,在此时间内污泥屏障具备对重金属的生物化学固定能力.     

Hydrogeochemical and mineralogical characteristics related to heavy metal attenuation in a stream polluted by acid mine drainage: A case study in Dabaoshan Mine, China

Dabaoshan Mine, the largest mine in south China, has been developed since the 1970s. Acid mine drainage (AMD) discharged from the mine has caused severe environmental pollution and human health problems. In this article, chemical characteristics, mineralogy of ocher precipitations and heavy metal attenuation in the AMD are discussed based on physicochemical analysis, mineral analysis, sequential extraction experiments and hydrogeochemistry. The AMD chemical characteristics were determined from the initial water composition, water-rock interactions and dissolved sulfide minerals in the mine tailings. The waters, affected and unaffected by AMD, were Ca-SO₄ and Ca-HCO₃ types, respectively. The affected water had a low pH, high SO₄^2- and high heavy metal content and oxidation as determined by the Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ couple. Heavy metal and SO₄^2- contents of Hengshi River water decreased, while pH increased, downstream. Schwertmannite was the major mineral at the waste dump, while goethite and quartz were dominant at the tailings dam and streambed. Schwertmannite was transformed into goethite at the tailings dam and streambed. The sulfate ions of the secondary minerals changed from bidentate- to monodentate-complexes downstream. Fe-Mn oxide phases of Zn, Cd and Pb in sediments increased downstream. However, organic matter complexes of Cu in sediments increased further away from the tailings. Fe³⁺ mineral precipitates and transformations controlled the AMD water chemistry.     

Changes in the sorption, desorption, distribution, and availability of copper, induced by application of sewage sludge on Chilean soils contaminated by mine tailings

The effect of mine tailings and sewage sludge was evaluated on sorption, desorption, availability and distribution of copper in two soils, one high (sandy soil) and one low in copper (clay soil). In both soils contaminated by mine tailings the copper sorption capacity and the affinity of the substrate for the metal decreased substantially compared to the uncontaminated soils, however, the sorption remained always high in the clay soil substrates. In the substrates with sandy soil, the high Cu content and lower clay content were determining factors in the lower magnitude of the sorption. Similarly, metal desorption was closely related to these two parameters, and it was higher in clay soil with lower pH. In general, the application of sewage sludge favored the sorption of Cu in soils contaminated and uncontaminated with mine tailings, and in all cases desorption decreased, an effect that remained for at least 30 days. Simple extraction of Cu with CaCl2 and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid gave contradictory results, so a careful choice of the procedure is required, depending on the level of metal in the soil and on the acting principle of the extracting agent. In that relation, more complete information on the changes in the metal forms was obtained by application of the sequential extraction procedure proposed by the European Community Bureau of Reference.     

我国煤矿矿山环境保护立法研究

煤炭作为我国重要的战略资源,对我国经济建设起到了重要作用,但煤矿的开采也给矿山生态环境造成了巨大影响,因此对煤矿矿山环境给予更多的法律保护具有必要性和迫切性。本文立足于我国煤矿矿山环境保护的现状,通过分析我国目前煤矿矿山环境保护立法现状及其存在的问题,从而对我国煤矿矿山环境保护立法提出了若干建议。     

基于灰色关联分析法的江西省矿山环境质量评价

矿山环境质量评价是环境保护领域中带有方向性并颇具实践意义的工作。科学客观的评价结果可指导矿山环境保护与治理决策,促进矿业资源合理开发。不同矿山所处的开发阶段不同,其存在的环境问题也复杂多样。对数量庞大的多个矿山进行环境质量评价,灰色关联分析法具有较强的实用性。EXCEL数据处理功能的运用,弥补了灰色关联分析法中样本数量不足的缺陷。本文以江西省矿山环境质量评价为例,进行了矿山环境问题成因分析,系统阐述了采用灰色关联分析的评价方法与模型。选取了矿山环境背景和危害两大类共12个评价指标,以全省总矿山为样本评定了各指标作用权重和质量分级,结合综合指数法确定各矿山环境质量等级,为矿山环境保护与治理规划提供了可参考的科学依据。     

河北省陶一煤矿矿山地质环境质量评价

矿山地质环境质量评价是当前矿山地质环境领域研究的一个热点课题。在野外调查的基础上,选取资源毁损、地质灾害、环境污染三个要素,根据煤炭资源破坏与浪费、土地资源破坏与压占、水资源破坏与浪费、崩塌与滑坡、地面塌陷与地裂缝、水土流失、土壤污染、水污染等8个指标,采用要素指标加权分值综合评价方法,对河北省陶一煤矿进行了矿山地质环境质量评价。得出该矿地质环境质量较好。