粉煤灰与电石渣治理煤矿自燃矸石山

煤矿自燃矸石山是矿区一大污染源。本文研究了粉煤灰，电石渣这两种工业废弃物作为治理自燃矸石山的灭火材料的可能性。实验室试验表明，在一定的配比下它们具有良好的阻燃性。现场工程获得了成功，不仅取得了良好的环境效益，也取得了良好的经济效益。     

煤矿环境地质灾害及其分类、环境效应和影响特点

煤矿环境地质灾害是煤矿区环境问题的主要发生源。作者根据灾害发生和持续的时间、动力作用方式对其进行了分类,并总结了煤矿环境地质灾害的效应和影响特点。     

Can behavioural responses of Lumbriculus variegatus (Oligochaeta) assess sediment toxicity? A case study with sediments exposed to acid mine drainage

The São Domingos mine (Portugal) is, potentially, a good site for ecotoxicological studies, due to a pH and metal gradient of acid mine drainage. In this study, the toxicity of several mine sediments was evaluated using the aquatic oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus as a test organism. Our hypothesis was that exposure to contaminated sediments would cause behavioural early warning responses in L. variegatus. Five sites, with pH ranging from 2.5 to 6.5, and with associated metals, were investigated. The results showed poor sediment quality in most of the collected sediments and Fe, S and As were the dominant elements in the samples. High mortalities were observed, ranging from 32.6 to 100%, indicating severe contamination. The collected sediments did not support good L. variegatus growth and significantly changed its behaviour. Early warning responses consisted of decreased locomotion and decreased peristaltic movements. A behaviour inhibition will affect the ecosystem balance by limiting the organisms' ability to avoid capture, which leads to a higher risk of predation.     

矿井火灾风险指数评价法

矿井火灾风险评价是为了确定矿井火灾风险,以便制定针对性的矿井火灾防治措施.本文通过分析矿井火灾影响因素,建立了用可燃物、引火源、助燃剂和环境表示的矿井内某地点火灾可能性的评价指标,提出了火灾可能性分值与一般人们公认的事故发生频率的关系;在假设被超过人员致死浓度或致死温度烟流污染的井巷为危险井巷的条件下,建立了矿井某地点火灾死亡人数模型;将死亡人数作为火灾严重性评价指标,给出了用火灾发生频率和死亡人数乘积表示的某地点火灾风险指数;井巷火灾风险指数等于该井巷内所有地点火灾风险指数之和,矿井火灾风险指数等于矿井内所有井巷火灾风险指数之和.本文建立的矿井火灾风险指数评价法是一种定量风险评价方法,应用该方法评价矿井火灾风险,不仅可以给出矿井的火灾风险指数值,用于比较不同矿井的火灾风险,还可以明确矿井发生一次死亡人数不同的火灾频率.     

不同薪酬结构模式下煤矿安全监管合谋行为博弈分析

分别从固定工资和固定加安全绩效工资两种监理薪酬结构模式对煤矿企业与地方监管部门问的合谋行为以及中央监管部门的监督行为进行了博弈分析。研究发现,固定加安全绩效工资模式下的煤矿企业与地方监管部门合谋的最优概率较小。为了减少中央监管部门监督的概率,应当降低煤矿企业与地方监管部门合谋时的安全绩效工资。最后给出了降低合谋行为的发生和中央监管部门监督概率的应对措施。     

矿山含铜酸性废水硫化沉淀过程中硫化氢产生量的控制

对矿山含铜酸性废水硫化沉淀的过程进行了理论分析和实验研究,并提出了控制硫化氢气体产生量的措施。实验结果表明:在矿山含铜酸性废水硫化沉铜过程中,硫氢化钠被Fe³⁺还原成单质硫的反应最容易发生,其次为硫氢化钠与Cu²⁺生成CuS沉淀的反应,产生硫化氢气体的趋势很弱,而生成FeS的趋势最弱;当反应终点电位控制在200 mV时,铜基本上沉淀完全,铁沉淀率很小;硫氢化钠的过剩量较小,可在最大程度上减少硫化氢气体的产生量;随着溶液酸度增加,硫化氢气体的产生量逐渐增加。硫化沉淀反应体系的硫酸质量浓度宜控制在小于4 g/L。     

某矿通风系统的改进与优化

通过对某矿通风系统现状分析和通风参数的测定,确认该矿井下通风系统存在的主要问题是：有效风量低,污风串联和污风循环严重,导致作业点通风效果差,部分作业地点空气中CO、NO2和CO2含量超过“GB16424-1996金属非金属地下矿山安全规程”规定标准;根据测定、分析和计算,结合该矿的实际情况,提出了改善矿山通风状况的多种可行性方案,并对这些方案采用计算机通风网络解算与优化,经方案比较,提出了井下通风系统改进与优化设计的最佳方案和通风系统的管理措施。     

模糊综合评判法预测煤与瓦斯突出强度的研究

依据统计数据和专家经验,应用层次分析法确定各影响因素对突出强度的贡献度权重,采用定性数据定量化方法确定各因素的隶属度,采用二级模糊综合评判方法和"加权平均型"评判数学模型,建立了煤与瓦斯突出强度预测模糊综合评判方法,实现了煤与瓦斯突出强度的定量预测.     

Stability analysis and comprehensive treatment methods of landslides under complex mining environment—A case study of Dahu landslide from Linbao Henan in China

A case study of Dahu landslide from Linbao Henan in China was discussed in this paper. Based on various kinds of basic data, the 3D numerical model of a geological structure which possesses all kinds of information including the mechanical characteristics and the geometrical parameters of geological discontinuities were known from previous works. Thus, both the whole geological structure and all kinds of geological components involved in a slope can be visualized on computer, the complicated analysis and calculation can be then carried out easily and effectively. Firstly, the combination of 3D numerical model with the limit equilibrium analysis theory in slope stabilization can easily provide the present stability factor. Then according to monitoring data of the total station, the potential sliding trends are analyzed if landslides do not occur. Secondly, there are a number of uncertainties on the factors of multi-forms of disaster, such as, rainfall, earthquake, and mined-out area. The unascertained mathematics theory is applied to the stability comprehensive evaluation. It shows four landslide bodies get to be at unstable state if there are some inducements. Thirdly, sliding distance and movement scope were predicted if landslides occur. On the basis of the analysis above, the treatment of the landslide body called isolated method of culvert was proposed. It has solved the contradiction of landslide and mining radically, and provides important technical assurance for safety and sustainable development of mine.     

基于安全标准化的非煤矿山安全管理系统研究

根据金属非金属露天矿山安全标准化的要求和企业自身安全生产管理需求,分析矿山安全标准化系统要素及其PDCA运行模式,提出创建矿山安全标准化系统的过程思路。基于矿山安全标准化和现代安全管理理念,采用B/S应用模式研发露天矿山"现代安全管理系统",对系统功能和优点进行深入分析,简要阐述系统的应用方式和运行效果。