铁矿区水环境样品对秀丽隐杆线虫的毒性研究

矿区环境问题是近年来各研究领域关注的焦点。为探究矿区水环境潜在的生物安全性问题,以安徽省霍邱县大型铁矿区地表水体为研究对象,以秀丽隐杆线虫作为实验动物模型,并以其生长和生殖发育作为生物检测终点,考察了线虫对该矿区周边5个地表水样品的毒性效应的响应。结果表明,矿区水环境样品对线虫的生长和生殖发育具有明显的损伤效应,且这种损伤效应的大小与水样采集点距离采矿区的远近以及水样中主要污染物的含量密切相关。进一步通过主成分分析发现,总铁、可溶性铁、铜、铬和砷是环境水样造成线虫毒性效应的主要影响因子。上述研究结果为铁矿区水环境生物安全性的监测和评价提供了一种新的技术方法和新的视角,并为铁矿区健康风险规避提供新的思路和理论基础数据。     

Geochemical anomalies in two sulfide-bearing waste disposal areas: Fe,Cu, Zn,Cd, Pb,and As in contaminated waters and snow,Kemerovo and Chelyabinsk regions,Russia

Sulfide-bearing mill wastes are sources of high concentrations of acid, soluble metals, Sb, and As. Contents of Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cd, As, and Sb in wastes of the Belovo Zn-processing and the Karabash mineral-processing plants (Russia) exceed the average content in the upper continental crust and background soils. High-dissolved metal and As concentrations are found in acid drainages, which form as a result of interaction between sulfide wastes and water. Monitoring research using geochemical and geophysical methods was performed to evaluate the contamination of the surrounding area (water and bottom sediments in the contaminated rivers and snow cover). Zones of geochemical anomalies were identified where the concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and As are 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than in drinking water standards (for rivers) and background levels (for snow). The use of geophysical methods allowed us to prove penetration of drainage solutions into the groundwaters. The total environmental damage caused by the pollution of water and land resources in the Belovo Zn-processing plant waste disposal area amounted to $156 million at the time of 2011, and could reach $480 million by 2030, if steps are not taken in recycling and remediation of disturbed areas.     

碱性物质中和法在处理煤矿废水中的应用

在地下煤矿开采的地区，大都伴之有地下水排放。在面临全球性淡水缺乏的形势下，煤矿排放废水却作为污染源，日夜注入河床，致使环境保护部门为之大伤脑筋，而且各煤矿也为煤矿排放废水的治理，付出了很大的经济代价。因此如何解决煤矿排放废水达标排放的问题，使其能作为矿产资源和水资源得到再利用，解决即将到来的水荒危机就成为了本次论文讨论的重点。     

矿业遗迹保护研究--以浙江遂昌金矿国家矿山公园为例

资源枯竭型矿业城市的经济转型问题是日前非常受关注的热点问题。保护好矿区内存留的矿业遗迹，建立矿山公园，是该类矿业城市进行经济转型实现可持续发展的最佳选择之一。矿业遗迹是矿山公园的核心景观，探讨矿业遗迹保护的理论与实践，对矿山公园建设意义重大。本文以浙江遂昌金矿国家矿山公园为例，对矿区内各类矿业遗迹进行科学全面的分类与等级评价．探讨矿业遗迹保护的理论与原则，提出保护模式及具体的保护措施。文中结合实例进行的矿业遗迹保护理论与实践的综合性探索研究。对我国矿业遗迹保护和矿山公园建设具有一定的借鉴意义。     

试论矿山环评中的生态恢复评价问题

矿山生态恢复是矿山环保对策中的一项技术较强的措施之一，它既有防治水土流失的功能，又有降解有毒污染的功能，并能产生较好的经济效益。但没有科学依据而盲目进行生态恢复，就有可能对环境和人类带来风险，为减少风险，在矿山开发前的环境影响评价中，就应对生态恢复这一措施进行评价，提出合理的恢复模式，为决策部门提供科学依据。     

Can behavioural responses of Lumbriculus variegatus (Oligochaeta) assess sediment toxicity? A case study with sediments exposed to acid mine drainage

The São Domingos mine (Portugal) is, potentially, a good site for ecotoxicological studies, due to a pH and metal gradient of acid mine drainage. In this study, the toxicity of several mine sediments was evaluated using the aquatic oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus as a test organism. Our hypothesis was that exposure to contaminated sediments would cause behavioural early warning responses in L. variegatus. Five sites, with pH ranging from 2.5 to 6.5, and with associated metals, were investigated. The results showed poor sediment quality in most of the collected sediments and Fe, S and As were the dominant elements in the samples. High mortalities were observed, ranging from 32.6 to 100%, indicating severe contamination. The collected sediments did not support good L. variegatus growth and significantly changed its behaviour. Early warning responses consisted of decreased locomotion and decreased peristaltic movements. A behaviour inhibition will affect the ecosystem balance by limiting the organisms' ability to avoid capture, which leads to a higher risk of predation.     

新型传感器在矿井水处理中的实验研究

介绍一种新型的淹没式透光率脉动传感器，并以矿井水为研究对象，对淹没式传感器的各项性能进行了实验研究。结果表明，淹没式传感器具有较好的控制性能，有望在生产中得到进一步的应用，使透光率脉动检测技术更加完善。     

粉煤灰与电石渣治理煤矿自燃矸石山

煤矿自燃矸石山是矿区一大污染源。本文研究了粉煤灰，电石渣这两种工业废弃物作为治理自燃矸石山的灭火材料的可能性。实验室试验表明，在一定的配比下它们具有良好的阻燃性。现场工程获得了成功，不仅取得了良好的环境效益，也取得了良好的经济效益。     

煤矿环境地质灾害及其分类、环境效应和影响特点

煤矿环境地质灾害是煤矿区环境问题的主要发生源。作者根据灾害发生和持续的时间、动力作用方式对其进行了分类,并总结了煤矿环境地质灾害的效应和影响特点。     

金属硫化物矿山水系统中微生物群落组成及多样性

为探索矿山水系统中因采矿活动引起的重金属污染特征和理化性质,以及微生物群落对不同污染水平生境的响应,以中国安徽铜陵狮子山矿区水系统(采矿区废水、堆矿区渗流水、选矿区废水、矿山渗透水和生活池塘水等)为研究对象,通过对水体的理化性质及重金属污染特征分析,并利用Illumina HiSeq 2500测序技术对不同类型废水中微生物群落组成丰度及结构多样性进行了研究,探讨了矿山废水污染特征与微生物群落结构和多样性的相关性.结果表明,水体pH在采矿区(MW1、 MW2)、堆矿区(HW)和选矿区(DW)呈强酸性,矿山水体污染主要来自于采矿活动.不同功能类型废水中微生物群落结构差异显著,其中重金属污染最重的DW的微生物群落多样性和丰度均比其他4个区域弱.高通量测序得到门水平上15门细菌和3门古菌,其中优势细菌群为Proteobacteria、 Bacteroidetes、 Nitrospirae和OD1,优势古菌为Euryarchaeota.PCoA分析表明相似的水体类型的样本聚类相似.相关性热图和典型相关分析(CCA)得到该区域矿山废水中的微生物群落主要受到了pH、电导率(EC)、 SO_4...