煤矿监控系统的发展概况及趋势

论述了煤矿安全监控系统在经历了第一代、第二代和第三代的发展，正向第四代系 统过渡。文章介绍了第四代综合监控信息系统的相关技术。     

不同薪酬结构模式下煤矿安全监管合谋行为博弈分析

分别从固定工资和固定加安全绩效工资两种监理薪酬结构模式对煤矿企业与地方监管部门问的合谋行为以及中央监管部门的监督行为进行了博弈分析。研究发现,固定加安全绩效工资模式下的煤矿企业与地方监管部门合谋的最优概率较小。为了减少中央监管部门监督的概率,应当降低煤矿企业与地方监管部门合谋时的安全绩效工资。最后给出了降低合谋行为的发生和中央监管部门监督概率的应对措施。     

Integration of different data bodies for humanitarian decision support: an example from mine action

Geographic information systems (GIS) are increasingly used for integrating data from different sources and substantive areas, including in humanitarian action. The challenges of integration are particularly well illustrated by humanitarian mine action. The informational requirements of mine action are expensive, with socio-economic impact surveys costing over US$1.5 million per country, and are feeding a continuous debate on the merits of considering more factors or 'keeping it simple'. National census offices could, in theory, contribute relevant data, but in practice surveys have rarely overcome institutional obstacles to external data acquisition. A positive exception occurred in Lebanon, where the landmine impact survey had access to agricultural census data. The challenges, costs and benefits of this data integration exercise are analysed in a detailed case study. The benefits are considerable, but so are the costs, particularly the hidden ones. The Lebanon experience prompts some wider reflections. In the humanitarian community, data integration has been fostered not only by the diffusion of GIS technology, but also by institutional changes such as the creation of UN-led Humanitarian Information Centres. There is a question whether the analytic capacity is in step with aggressive data acquisition. Humanitarian action may yet have to build the kind of strong analytic tradition that public health and poverty alleviation have accomplished.     

Functions of Straw for In Situ Remediation of Acidic Mining Lakes

The addition of straw in combination with Carbokalk, a by-product from the sugar-industry, was successfully used to stimulate microbial alkalinity generation in an acidic mining lake. To get detailed information about functions of straw, anenclosure experiment was carried out. Straw bundles were placedat the sediment surface of an acidic mining lake (ML 111) and thephysiochemical conditions and the microbiology of the sediment-water contact zone were studied. Straw was degraded by anaerobic microorganisms and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leached from straw bundles. Pigmented flagellates responded to the DOC supply in the water column anda considerable amount of algal carbon was transported to the sediment. Straw addition led to microbial reduction of iron andsulfate in the sediment. Sulfate reduction was observed at a pHof 5.5. The pH, however, was not high enough to precipitate H₂S completely. Thus, some H₂S diffused into the watercolumn, where it was reoxidized. Straw did not create orstabilize an anoxic water body above the sediment. Microbial sulfate reduction and pyrite formation only took place in the sediment,whereas iron reduction also took place in the straw. Straw, however, altered the flow conditions above the sediment surfaceand prevented complete mixing of the profundal water. Straw didnot serve as a substratum for a reactive biofilm. We conclude that the most important function of straw for mining lake remediation is to be a long-term nutrient source for microbialalkalinity generation in the sediment.     

煤矿安全评价若干问题的研究与探讨

笔者结合煤矿安全评价工作的经验,就煤矿安全评价工作若干问题进行研讨,主要内容包括:资料收集及分析处理,法律、法规引用,危险辨识,确定评价范围和划分评价单元,选择评价方法及确定评价深度,提高对策措施针对性,完善风险判别指标体系,正确得出评价结论,规避评价风险等9个方面。通过对煤矿安全评价工作若干问题的研讨和提出的对策,为安全评价机构提高煤矿安全评价水平,促进安全评价工作健康发展,有重要参考价值。     

锰矿尾渣改性壳聚糖对Pb^2＋的吸附

将工业废弃物锰矿尾渣与壳聚糖混合制得一种高效吸附斛，并应用扫描电镜、X射线衍射对其结构进行了表征。采用正交表设计试验，分别考察了pH值、吸附时间、温度、复合吸附剂的投加量等4个影响因素对Pb^2＋吸附的影响，最佳吸附条件为：pH值为7，吸附时问为40mjn，温度为20℃，复合吸附剂的投加量为0．10g。处理后的水符合国家污水综合排放标准（GB8978．1996）中的一级标准。复合吸附剂对Pb^2＋的吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程。     

运用地球化学防治矿山环境污染

本文阐述了运用地球化学防治矿山环境污染的基本原理和一些应用实例,介绍了矿山环境污染和地球化学的基本联系;阐述了地球化学勘查方法和对尾矿、废石以及矿山酸性废水的治理的应用;探讨了美国在矿床的地球化学背景和基准值、矿床地质—环境模型应用方面的先进经验,并针对国情提出了一些其它防治矿山环境污染的地球化学方法。     

采煤塌陷地区土地生态环境的影响与防治研究

以地质学和环境科学为理论基础,以保障煤矿可持续性发展和保护煤矿地质环境为目标,在分析采煤塌陷对土壤资源、土壤构型、土壤水份运移、土壤养分运移4个方面影响的基础上,针对采煤塌陷引起的土壤破坏,探讨有关保护途径,提出在原地土壤中加入一些有益物质或养分,以调节控制和保护土地质量的“原位保护”方法和建立“土壤资源库”,选择合适的地方,采取一定的措施,将尚未受到破坏的土壤资源储存起来,保证土地质量不产生恶化和再利用的“异位保护”方法。     

机电现代化与煤矿安全生产

针对目前国内煤矿生产安全问题,从更新现有的老化机电设备、改进生产技术、实现机电现代化生产的角度,阐述煤矿机械设备集成创新、加快煤矿机械电子发展、改进煤机企业机床设备、煤矿机械设备引进等观点,提出一些新见解和主张。煤矿机械具有复杂工作环境的特殊性,对其机电设备的改进,实行现代化生产技术,开展现代化的企业管理,可以提高生产安全性、可靠性,减轻体力劳动,减少伤亡事故,对保证安全生产有重要的现实意义和指导作用。     

高温环境对煤矿井下作业人员影响的调查研究

本文就高温高湿环境对煤矿工人的生理心理危害程度进行调查研究。结果显示,在非高温矿井中,粉尘和噪声的影响居于首位,而在高温矿井中,高温成为影响煤矿井下工人生理和心理的首要因素。疲劳主观症状问询结果显示,高温矿井工人在身体症状、精神症状和感觉症状方面的反应都明显高于非高温矿井工人,尤以采煤工种更为突出。调查结果提示,煤矿井下高温高湿对工人的生理心理影响是相当严重的,企业应采取有效措施防治高温危害,保护广大煤矿工人的身心健康。