新桥矿矿井通风系统优化改造

针对新桥矿通风系统存在的问题，结合矿山当前生产实际，提出并实施了降低风阻和提高风量率等优化改造措施。     

砂金矿废水治理技术

本文介绍了我国砂金矿废水的性质和对水环境造成的污染。并根据砂金矿废水处理的理论依据，详细的论述了国内砂金矿废水的处理技术、工艺流程和研究结果，同时提出了在实际应用时的一些具体措施。     

WATER QUALITY DURING STORM EVENTS FROM TWO CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS RECEWING MINE DRAINAGE1

ABSTRACT: Flow rates, pH, iron concentration, and manganese concentration were measured during several storm events at two constructed wetlands receiving mine water. During a substantial rain event, flow rates at both the wetland outlets surpassed flow rates at the wetland inlets, reflecting incident rainfall and differences in wetland area at the two sites. A significant positive correlation existed between local rainfall and outflow rates at the larger wetland, but not between rainfall and inflow rates. During storm events, outlet pH, relative to inlet pH, was slightly elevated at the larger wetland, and depressed at the smaller wetland. However, over the course of one year, rainfall was uncorrelated to outlet pH in the larger wetland. A substantial rain event at the smaller wetland resulted in a temporary elevation in outlet iron concentrations, with treatment efficiency reduced to near zero. However, in the larger wetland, outlet iron concentrations were not significantly affected by storm events. Although rainfall and outlet iron concentration were not significant correlates at the larger wetland, flow rate was positively correlated to outlet iron concentration. A normal manganese treatment efficiency of 50 percent at the smaller wetland was reduced to zero during a heavy rain.     

IMPACT OF SURFACE COAL MINING ON THREE OHIO WATERSHEDS – GROUND-WATER CHEMISTRY1

ABSTRACT: A study was conducted to determine the effects of surface mining and reclamation on ground-water chemistry in three saturated zones in each of three small East-Central Ohio water-sheds. The extensive disturbances of mining and reclamation: (1) caused more changes in constituent concentrations in the upper zone than in lower zones, most of which were statistically significant increases (many were “drastic”); (2) affected ground-water chemistry in lower zones - those that were not physically disturbed; (3) tended to increase the frequency of exceedance of regulated constituents in all saturated zones; and (4) affected the chemistry of surface baseflow water at the watershed outlets. Several constituents were still changing at the end of the project within all sites and zones.     

ACID MINE DRAINAGE (AMD) AND ITS IMPACT ON A SMALL VIRGINIA STREAM1

ABSTRACT: A study was conducted to 1) chemically characterize three AMD streams entering Chestnut Creek in southwestern Virginia below the town of Galax, Virginia, and 2) to assess the biological and chemical alterations in the creek. Over a six mile reach, the benthic macroinvertebrate population was reduced to zero, the naturally low alkalinity (～25mg/1) of the stream was reduced to less than 5 mg/1, and the pH was reduced from 7.2 to 6.3. Increased concentration of iron from less than 0.01 mg/I to more than 4.0 mg/1 were accompanied by the deposition of a coating of iron hydroxide up to 0.25 in. thick in the stream bed, a phenomenon most likely responsible for the absence of benethic macroinvertebrates. In situ bioassays with bluegill sunfish and one snail species showed that the creek water, after confluence with all the AMD streams, was not toxic in 192 hours to fish, and snails survived 96 hours before they began to die. The undiluted AMD itself was highly toxic.     

MINE DRAINAGE AND ROCK TYPE INFLUENCES ON EASTERN OHIO STREAM WATER QUALITY1

ABSTRACT: Stream water during fair weather (base flow) is largely ground water discharge, which has been in contact with minerals of the underlying aquifer. Base flow water quality should therefore reflect aquifer mineralogy as well as upstream land use. Three upstream mining categories (unmined lands, abandoned coal mines, and reclaimed coal mines) differed in pH, specific conductance, sulfate, iron, aluminum, and alkalinity for 122 streams in eastern Ohio. Aquifer rock type influenced pH, specific conductance, sulfate, iron, and alkalinity. Reclamation returned many components of acid mine drainage to near unmined levels, although sulfate and specific conductance were not improved. Acid mine drainage problems were less severe in watersheds underlain by the calcareous Monogahela Formation. These results should ayply to other Appalachian coal regions having similar rock units. The water quality data distributions were neither consistently normal nor lognormal. Statistical tests utilizing ranks of the water quality data, instead of the data themselves, proved useful in analyzing the influences of mining category and rock type.     

ESTABLISHING PRIORITIES IN MINE DRAINAGE REDUCTION A COST-EFFECTIVENESS APPROACH1

ABSTRACT Twenty-seven watersheds in the Susquehanna River Basin are severely degraded by acid mine drainage pollution. Approximately 620 miles of significant tributaries as well as 230 miles of principal rivers are either sterile or intermittently degraded by acid slugs. As a result of the acid discharges, many uses of the streams, such as water supply and recreation, are precluded. In the past, acid mine drainage abatement programs did not look beyond the immediate problem area. No considerations were given to the blending effect of natural alkalinity in other streams. Since the abatement of acid mine drainage pollution is extremely costly, a method of minimizing these costs was needed. The systematic, cost-effectiveness approach, discussed in this paper presents such a method. This system allows the water resources planners to control the allocation of funds for maximizing the abatement of acid mine drainage.     

基于网络分区和路径能耗的深井无线传感器网络多簇首路由算法

为解决深部矿井无线传感器网络因节点能量受限导致网络生存时间短及由多跳传输引起的“热区”问题,提出1种以分区结构和能量多路径为基础的带状无线传感器网络多簇首路由算法(NPPEC)。算法采用跳数泛洪方式建立带状网络分区结构,将节点分布密度加入主簇首竞选机制中,通过主簇首和副簇首的分工配合,使簇首能量更均衡地消耗;依据路径能耗、节点当前能量及位置计算路径选择概率,并通过控制跳数改善数据传输的实时性。经仿真比较,NPPEC算法网络生存时间约为LEACH算法的1.807 2倍、HEED-EELD算法的1.198 4倍,同时也有效改善了网络“热区”问题,为深部矿井无线传感器网络的构建提供1种更有效的解决方案。     

安全诚信管理对安全行为的影响研究—以煤矿企业为例

为了分析煤矿安全诚信管理与安全行为的关系,建立煤矿安全诚信管理与安全行为的结构方程模型,利用问卷调查的方法在2个煤矿开展研究。研究结论表明:安全诚信文化对员工行为态度和安全意识具有正向影响;管理制度建设对员工行为态度和员工安全意识具有正向影响;教育与培训对员工行为态度和员工安全意识具有正向影响;员工安全意识对安全行为具有正向影响;煤矿安全诚信管理通过影响行为态度、安全意识和主观规范作用于安全行为。