青岛理工大学安全工程专业实验室建设探讨

安全工程专业的学科建设离不开安全实验室的建设,就青岛理工大学的安全工程专业实验室建设进行了探讨.从实验室建设的重要地位入手,结合安全工程的专业课程设置情况,提出了安全工程实验室应设置的实验内容.     

矿业权市场的交易机制及运作模型

运用经济学和系统论的观点对矿业权市场的信息形成与传递、交易客体的价格形成的有关过程与机制进行了探讨,提出了矿业权市场的信息传递模式和探矿权、采矿权的价值构成模式,并对矿业权市场的运作模式进行了研究.     

安全工程的专业课程设置中存在的问题与研究

笔者首先指出了我国高校安全工程的专业课程设置和课程内容安排中存在的较为普遍的问题:课程设置与课程内容安排缺乏可操作性强的理论指导;在教学中同名专业课程,不同学校采用不同教材,教师讲授的内容,都存在较大差别和分歧。其次,从学科知识体系的层次结构的角度,将安全工程学科的专业知识划分为两大层次(包含6个小层次)。在此基础上,笔者将安全工程专业课程体系分为学科基础课程和横向展开课程;提出了安全工程的专业课程设置与课程内容安排应遵循的完备性和系统性原则;同时,给出了支持具体操作的表格。通过实践,对安全工程专业课程设置的新思路的合理性与可行性进行了检验。     

池州悬钩子的食用价值与茶多酚含量研究

研究了池州市悬钩子属植物的食用价值与其中茶多酚(TP)的含量,目的是为了综合利用悬钩子属植物,促进其全面开发,提高经济效益.用正交实验法确定了提取TP的最佳实验条件,用分光光度法测定其含量.从分析结果看,悬钩子属植物中含有一定量的TP.因此,在开发悬钩子属植物果实作为第三代水果资源时,从其茎叶中提取TP具有一定的经济价值,这对促进悬钩子资源的开发与利用是很有意义的.     

经济欠发达山区矿泉水资源的开发利用--以梅州市为例

基于矿泉水与人体健康的关系、在社会经济发展中的作用,以及对梅州市矿泉水资源条件及其开发利用现状的调研,探讨了经济欠发达山区矿泉水资源的开发利用对策和前景.认为应统一资源管理,加强质量监督力度,打造优质品牌,提高市场竞争能力,争取与食品、旅游等部门联营,使矿泉水产品多样化、系列化;结合地方工业建设和梅州旅游市场需求,培育矿泉水消费市场.     

Trait space of rare plants in a fire‐dependent ecosystem

The causes of species rarity are of critical concern because of the high extinction risk associated with rarity. Studies examining individual rare species have limited generality, whereas trait‐based approaches offer a means to identify functional causes of rarity that can be applied to communities with disparate species pools. Differences in functional traits between rare and common species may be indicative of the functional causes of species rarity and may therefore be useful in crafting species conservation strategies. However, there is a conspicuous lack of studies comparing the functional traits of rare species and co‐occurring common species. We measured 18 important functional traits for 19 rare and 134 common understory plant species from North Carolina's Sandhills region and compared their trait distributions to determine whether there are significant functional differences that may explain species rarity. Flowering, fire, and tissue‐chemistry traits differed significantly between rare and common, co‐occurring species. Differences in specific traits suggest that fire suppression has driven rarity in this system and that changes to the timing and severity of prescribed fire may improve conservation success. Our method provides a useful tool to prioritize conservation efforts in other systems based on the likelihood that rare species are functionally capable of persisting.     

Tracking a half century of media reporting on gray wolves

Natural resource and wildlife managers must balance the disparate priorities of a diversity of stakeholders. To manage these priorities, a firm understanding of topics salient to the public is needed. The media often report on issues of importance to the public; therefore, these reports may be a useful measure of public interest. However, efficient methods for distinguishing diverse topics related to a wildlife management issue reported in the media and changes in the salience of those topics have been lacking. We used latent Dirichlet allocation, a Bayesian mixture model, to quantitatively assess the salience of topics surrounding the gray wolf (Canis lupus), which was reintroduced to Idaho (U.S.A.) in 1995. We analyzed articles published from 1960 to 2015 in an Idaho newspaper. We identified 6 distinct topics associated with gray wolves: policy, hunting, biological status, implementation of management, recovery, and human-wolf conflict. The salience of topics pre- and postreintroduction of wolves (1995) and pre- and postdelisting of wolves from the U.S. Endangered Species Act (2009) differed significantly, underscoring that these events were turning points in how issues were being publicly discussed and framed. Articles written by the local reporters were more likely to report on topics regarding conflict between humans and wolves, whereas articles sourced from a national outlet reported more on topics pertaining to wolf policy and biological status. In the context of managing a contentious, far-ranging, and long-lived wildlife species, our methods can help guide the location and timing of a suite of management strategies (e.g., media relation plans and stakeholder engagement) that promote human-wildlife coexistence across different landscapes.     

Credibility and advocacy in conservation science

Conservation policy sits at the nexus of natural science and politics. On the one hand, conservation scientists strive to maintain scientific credibility by emphasizing that their research findings are the result of disinterested observations of reality. On the other hand, conservation scientists are committed to conservation even if they do not advocate a particular policy. The professional conservation literature offers guidance on negotiating the relationship between scientific objectivity and political advocacy without damaging conservation science's credibility. The value of this guidance, however, may be restricted by limited recognition of credibility's multidimensionality and emergent nature: it emerges through perceptions of expertise, goodwill, and trustworthiness. We used content analysis of the literature to determine how credibility is framed in conservation science as it relates to apparent contradictions between science and advocacy. Credibility typically was framed as a static entity lacking dimensionality. Authors identified expertise or trustworthiness as important, but rarely mentioned goodwill. They usually did not identify expertise, goodwill, or trustworthiness as dimensions of credibility or recognize interactions among these 3 dimensions of credibility. This oversimplification may limit the ability of conservation scientists to contribute to biodiversity conservation. Accounting for the emergent quality and multidimensionality of credibility should enable conservation scientists to advance biodiversity conservation more effectively.     

厌氧发酵处理庆大霉素菌渣的可行性及条件优化

采用厌氧发酵处理庆大霉素菌渣,考察了含固率、接种比、接种污泥、发酵底物等因素对庆大霉素菌渣厌氧发酵的影响,并用累积净甲烷产量衡量庆大霉素菌渣进行厌氧发酵的可行性及发酵程度。试验结果证实了庆大霉素菌渣进行厌氧发酵的可行性,其中含固率和接种比对发酵的影响较大,最佳条件为含固率5%,接种比1/3;对比试验所用3种接种污泥,发现接种某造纸厂污水处理IC反应器的厌氧颗粒污泥效果最优,在最优含固率和接种比的条件下,累积净产甲烷量为28.21 m3/t;此外,试验还证实,采用不同菌渣的联合发酵表现出了明显的协同作用,在最优条件下,庆大霉素菌渣与林可霉素菌渣按1∶2的比例联合发酵的产甲烷量可达到37.5 m3/t。     

中国村镇生活垃圾的养分与重金属含量特征及其农用潜力分析

对全国12个省份72个典型村镇进行了生活垃圾采样调查,系统分析了我国农村生活垃圾的基本理化特性、养分含量与重金属特征及其农用潜力。研究表明:我国典型村镇生活垃圾含水率为(53.68±8.84)%,p H为7.11±0.56,有机质含量为(49.04±10.49)%,C/N约为43∶1,C/P约为144∶1。除C/N略高外,其余特性均适合进行堆肥化处置。我国典型村镇生活垃圾中重金属As、Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr,Cu和Zn含量分别为(7.645±8.729),(0.737±0.480),(21.798±17.606),(3.356±11.012),(108.632±84.011),(36.834±10.905),(80.093±42.237)mg/kg。与国内相关标准相比,只有Hg、Cd超标,最大超标率分别为29.17%、43.75%;与欧美相关标准相比,仅有Cd、Cr超标,最大超标率分别为25.69%、37.50%。