Modelling soil organic carbon dynamics in two long-term experiments of north-eastern Italy

Simulation models are widely used to assess the impacts of management and environmental variables on soil organic matter dynamics, to address questions on ecosystem sustainability and carbon cycling under global change. We tested the Century ecosystem model for two long-term experiments in north-eastern Italy: one (SF) comparing nutrient management treatments in small confined plots containing widely contrasting soil types (i.e., sandy, clay and peat) and the other (CR) involving a field study with crop rotation, nutrient, and management intensity variables. The organic matter changes in the SF experiment, showed a strong, linear relationship with C inputs from crop residues and added manures in the sand and clay soils, which was closely mimicked by the model. There was a net loss of soil C for all treatments in the peat soil, but the rate and overall magnitude of C losses were accurately simulated by the model, which suggested that treatment effects on soil C inputs was the major determinant of SOC dynamics in all three soils. In the CR experiment the model reasonably simulated the large initial decline (averaging about 30% of initial levels) in SOC observed in all treatments, as well as mean treatment effects over the course of the experiment. The model predicted a general pattern of higher SOC in the high management intensity, high fertility treatment combinations and lower SOC in the low management intensity, low fertility treatments; however, observed soil C did not show a clear pattern related to the treatments. Simulated soil C contents were linearly related to C input levels in the different treatments while there was no significant relationship between measured soil C and C inputs based on observed data.     

废矿物油处置的环境问题

废矿物油处置方法较多，但目前处置工艺较原始，大部分不能满足环境保护有关法律法规的要求。通过对几种处置工艺的比较，笔者提出一套可以达到环保要求的处置工艺路线，并强调废矿物油的有效处置，首先应加强对产废企业的宣传教育，在教育的基础上，严格监督管理，作到从源头控制废矿物油，这样才能达到全过程监控废矿物油，实现危险废物的安全处置的目的，保证环境安全。     

成都市近地表大气尘的地球化学特征

通过对成都市近地表大气尘矿物组成、化学成分的分析,查明了成都市近地表大气尘矿物、元素的含量和空间分布特征。近地表大气尘主要矿物成分为石英、长石、伊利石、白云石,方解石。石膏等;近地表大气尘中重金属高值区主要在二环路内、黄田坝、琉璃厂和城东老工业区,部分元素呈明显污染郊区化趋势。与国内外其它城市街道灰尘及大气颗粒物重金属含量比较,总体上重金属含量相当,个别元素接近重工业城市水平。     

碳酸盐岩红土中氧化铁矿物表面化学特征及其吸附机理研究

应用ＸＰＳ技术，首次较系统地研究了碳酸盐岩红土中氧化铁矿物表面化学特征及其吸附机理，氧公铁矿物表面的ＸＰＳ分析表明，矿物表面和整体之间在化学成分，状态和结构等方面存在明显差异，矿物表面的这种非均匀性特征是其表面化学反应的重要动力学起因。     

我国矿产资源开采中的损失贫化浅析

矿产资源开采中的损失与贫化问题直接关系到国家矿产资源的综合利用程度和可持续发展的问题。我国矿产资源开采中损失贫化大的问题 ,加速了资源枯竭的速度 ,缩短了矿井服务年限 ,加剧了矿产资源供求矛盾 ,造成金属大量流失、开采成本提高、经济效益差并严重阻碍了矿山的发展。文章分析了我国矿产资源开采中的损失贫化大的根源 ,并提出了解决矿石损失贫化的有效途径和低贫损开采模式。     

火山矿床研究的新进展(1987—1990)

1987-1990年四年中我国火山矿床研究中取得下列诸方面的成就:(1)玢岩铁矿的形成决定于基性-中基性并具有高碱低硅岩浆的演化,结晶分异时低氧逸度条件;从世界范围看,构造背景与板块俯冲带或缝合带(包括板内古缝合带)直接或间接有关;实验研究解决了几种特殊矿物组合如“膏包辉”组合等的物理化学条件问题。(2)随着中生代火山岩区金矿床的不断发现,对含矿主岩、基底及矿床类型与分布规律有了进一步的认识。(3)斑岩型矿床分布广泛,除Cu,Mo外,涉及Pb-Zn,Ag,Au,W及Sn矿床,并发现与国外层火山中心地区可以对比的上部为脉状矿下部为斑岩型铜矿的实例;(4)火山岩中铀矿床多形成于晚白垩世之后,受火山盆地攻破火山口构造的明显控制;(5)西北与西南海相火山岩区的块状硫化物矿床中,明确了黑矿型钢及多金属矿床和独立的金矿床的存在,在分类上除了Cu-,Cu-Zn-,Zn-Cu-Pb-及Zn-Pb-型之外,Cu-Pb型在国外很少有报导。(6)从成因或构造角度进行了火山岩区矿床成矿规律成分布规律的探索,注意到基底性质与基底构造的关系,对分布规律挺出了岩浆活动中心迁移造成的分布格局上的超覆和地区的剥蚀深度问题;(7)区分出非金属矿床的两个系列:次生石英岩系列及玻璃岩系列。通过这些研究,在火山岩中发现了一些新的远景区和新的矿床。     

Mineralogical characterization of airborne individual particulates in Beijing PM10

This work mainly focuses on the mineralogical study of particulate matter（PM10） in Beijing. Samples were collected on polycarbonate filter from April, 2002 to March, 2003 in Beijing urban area. Scanning electronic microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray（SEM/EDX） was used to investigate individual mineral particles in Beijing PM10. 1454 individual mineral particulates from 48 samples were analysed by SEM/EDX. The results revealed that mineral particulates were complex and heterogeneous. 38 kinds of minerals in PM10 were identified. The clay minerals, of annual average percentage of 30.1%, were the main composition among the identified minerals, and illite/smectite was the main composition in clay minerals, reaching up to 35%. Annual average percentage of quartz, calcite, compound particulates, carbonates were 13.5%, 10.9%, 11.95%, 10.31%, respectively. Annual average percentage less than 10% were gypsum, feldspar, dolomite, and so on. Fluorite, apatite, halite, barite and chloridize zinc（ZnCl2） were firstly identified in Beijing PM10. Sulfurization was found on surface of mineral particles, suggested extensive atmospheric reaction in air during summer.     

柴达木盆地储集层中粘土矿物的分布规律及其影响因素

通过对储集层中粘土矿物类型、组合方式和横向分布规律的研究 ,探讨了影响粘土矿物形成和演化的控制因素 ,为成岩作用和粘土矿物对储集层物性的影响研究提供信息和参数     

江西于都银坑矿田银金铅锌矿床地质特征

江西于都银坑地区是赣南东部的金银铜铅锌锰等矿集区。本文阐述该区地质背景,银金铅锌矿体特征、规模及其产状,并分析其与地层、构造等的关系。通过对铅、硫同位素和包裹体测温,论证该区的成矿年龄、成矿物质来源及资源潜力,提出成矿模式、找矿远景。     

浅谈矿井水处理

介绍了准格尔矿区某矿矿井水处理技术、构筑物的选择、污泥的处理、设备选择和费用评估等问题。