Ca2+对酸性硫酸盐环境中次生铁矿物合成的影响

通过摇瓶培养试验,在富铁酸性硫酸盐环境中,探析0、50、100、200或400mg/L Ca2+加入对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(A. ferrooxidans)生物合成次生铁矿物过程的影响.分析了体系pH值、氧化还原电位(ORP)、Fe2+氧化率、总Fe沉淀率以及次生铁矿物矿相等相关指标的变化情况.结果表明,0~24h培养过程中,各体系pH值、ORP、Fe2+氧化率及总Fe沉淀率变化幅度基本一致.24~108h培养过程中,体系中Ca2+加入量越大,Fe2+氧化越迅速,相应总Fe沉淀率相对较高.400mg/L Ca2+的加入使得体系Fe2+在72h氧化完全,总Fe沉淀率在108h达到39.1%.0、50、100或200mg/L Ca2+ 加入的体系在24~84h培养过程中,体系Fe2+氧化速率随着Ca2+加入量逐渐增加而依次升高,并在84h Fe2+氧化完全,且在108h,相应体系总Fe沉淀率分别为27.0%、29.7%、33.9%或36.9%.不同体系所得次生铁矿物均为施氏矿物与黄铁矾的混合物.本研究结果对明晰富铁酸性硫酸盐环境钙离子调控生物成因次生铁矿物合成的影响机理有一定指导意义.     

川西平原还田秸秆DOM对矿物细颗粒吸附SMX的影响

为探明还田秸秆溶解性有机质（DOM）对矿物细颗粒吸附磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）的影响机理,研究了矿物细颗粒吸附SMX的动力学过程以及DOM对此过程的影响,比较分析了矿物颗粒吸附前后的傅里叶变换红外光谱（FI-IR）特征.结果表明,SMX在矿物表面的吸附动力学过程符合双室一级动力学模型,表明其吸附过程存在多域吸附或多点位吸附;DOM作用下蒙脱石、钠长石和方解石的吸附量不同程度得到提升,其增量分别为28.94,28.34,2.40μg/g,而3种矿物的模型拟合度均有所降低.通过红外光谱分析,吸附后的蒙脱石较吸附前在波数3700、1600与1000cm^-1附近的尖锐吸收峰和在波数3600~3000cm^-1的宽吸收带明显减弱,而与DOM作用下波谱基本一致,DOM作用下吸附量的提升与蒙脱石溶出Al³⁺与DOM结合使得吸附位点增加有关;钠长石在吸附前后红外光谱一致,而DOM作用下在波数1013、781和460cm^-1处的吸收峰明显减弱,表明DOM被吸附于钠长石表面,通过共吸附或累积方式增加了吸附量;方解石在吸附前后以及DOM作用下红外光谱基本一致,说明DOM对方解石无影响,吸附的增量则源于DOM对SMX的结合.     

宁波市镇海区大气降尘矿物组成及来源解析

为探讨宁波市镇海区大气降尘矿物组成及来源,用X射线衍射法分析了镇海区6个土地功能区2019年12月至2020年11月4个季度的大气降尘样品的矿物组成和含量,并开展了矿物来源解析。结果显示,降尘中以石英、长石、碳酸盐类矿物和黏土矿物为主,年均质量分数分别为29.2%、33.3%、24.2%和7.7%,且不同功能区各季度降尘中矿物含量普遍有显著差异。来源解析表明,镇海区降尘中矿物来源主要以地面扬尘输入为主,同时周边源区输入及人类活动和工业密集区燃煤等输入对降尘矿物组成有较显著影响,除黏土矿物、碳酸盐类矿物和长石类矿物之外,其他矿物的含量还与不同季节的气温和风向有关。     

改性褐铁矿对砷吸附的强化机制和效果研究

为了提高褐铁矿对砷的吸附能力,分别采用球磨和煅烧的方式对褐铁矿进行改性处理.使用氮气吸脱附法、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法对改性材料进行表征,探究其去除水体中As(Ⅴ)的吸附机理及对土壤砷的稳定化效果.结果表明,两种改性方法制备的材料对As(Ⅴ)的吸附过程均符合...     

钙基矿物固硫剂对不同煤种固硫效果的影响研究

对肥城煤(FC)、淮南煤(HN)和大同煤(DT)3种典型的高中低硫煤作了煤岩学分析,利用DTA、XRD、SEM、光学显微镜和粒度分析仪对钙基矿物添加剂及其固硫灰渣进行了矿物学研究.主要研究了温度、钙硫比、矿物添加剂等因素对煤种固硫率的影响.实验表明,相同的燃烧条件下,不同煤种对碳酸钙适应性有很大差异,淮南煤和肥城煤对碳酸钙的适应性明显好于大同煤,高硫煤更有利于950℃和1050℃下固硫;煤样自身固硫能力较差,碳酸钙固硫效果显著,当Ca/S=4,燃烧温度分别为1050、850和950℃时,肥城煤、大同煤和淮南煤固硫率分别达到最高值(89%、72%和89%);膨润土促进大同煤固硫,却降低了肥城煤和淮南煤固硫率;钙基矿物添加剂协同作用能更有效地提高低硫煤的固硫效果,在1050℃时,可将固硫率由51%提高到74%.     

典型含铁矿物的溶解特征

气溶胶沉降是开阔大洋可溶性铁的重要来源。矿质颗粒物在大气传输后铁可溶性显著增加,然而尚缺乏大气化学反应对铁可溶性影响的系统研究。本文探究了pH值、不同酸以及草酸盐浓度对赤铁矿、针铁矿、伊利石和蒙脱石中铁可溶性的影响。在pH=2的硫酸溶液中,铁可溶性为：伊利石(2.18%±0.14%)>针铁矿(1.68%±0.18%)>赤铁矿(0.43%±0.06%)>蒙脱石(0.20%±0.08%)。加入乙酸盐对铁可溶性无促进作用,而加入草酸盐后,铁可溶性明显增加,且草酸盐浓度增加对铁(氢)氧化物铁可溶性有促进作用,但对黏土矿物铁可溶性几乎无促进作用。在加入2 mmol·L^-1草酸盐后,铁可溶性为：针铁矿(5.38%±1.76%)>伊利石(4.19%±0.30%)>赤铁矿(3.87%±0.24%)>蒙脱石(1.83%±0.06%),草酸盐对铁(氢)氧化物中铁可溶性的促进作用大于黏土矿物。     

我国地表矿物质颗粒物的粒度分布与来源

下垫面的地表矿物质颗粒物是大气气溶胶的源和汇,对生物地球化学循环、环境状况和人体健康产生影响。下垫面地表矿物质颗粒物的粒度分布是表征颗粒行为的重要参数,颗粒物的物理性质、化学性质和环境学性质等都与粒径有关。为探究人为下垫面（城市铺装道路、农村土路和农田等）和自然下垫面（沙漠和戈壁）地表矿物质颗粒物的粒径分布,并分析其影响因素,对城市铺装道路、农村土路、裸露农田、沙漠和戈壁下垫面的地表矿物质颗粒物进行粒度研究。结果表明：从沉积物中值粒径来看,城市铺装道路表现为佛山市南海区（254.9μm）>杭州市桐庐县（247.5μm）>北京市（201.3μm）>南平市延平区（178.7μm）>兰州市（65.5μm）;赣州市湖江镇农村土路为131.3μm;兰州市榆中县裸露农田为21.1μm;沙漠和戈壁表现为腾格里沙漠（272.7μm）>塔克拉玛干沙漠（121.9μm）。总体来说,地表矿物质颗粒物的粒度分布与人类活动、地理位置、风速和季节等因素密切相关,人类活动对粒度分布的影响因人类活动的复杂而难以明确,风速不同将裹挟不同粒径颗粒物,不同季节风速与风向不同,不同地理位置人类活...     

Dyes wastewater treatment by reduction-oxidation process in an electrochemical reactor packed with natural manganese mineral

A novel technology which combined electrochemical process catalyzed by manganese mineral with electro-assisted coagulation process was proposed in this study. The mineralization of organic pollutant from simulated dye wastewater containing an azo dye Acid Red B（ARB） was experimentally investigated using this method. It was found that the manganese mineral could catalyze the electrochemical process dramatically. The TOC removal percentage of electrochemical treatment catalyzed by manganese mineral was 43.6% while the TOC removal percentage of the process using the manganese mineral alone and using the electrolysis alone were 9.3% and 20.8%, respectively. Moreover, it was found that combined electroxidation with electro-assisted coagulation process could more effectively eliminate ARB. After a period of 180 min electrooxidation and 300 min electroreduction, almost 66.9% of TOC was removed, and the dissolved Mn^2＋. could be effectivly removed. The effects of the order of oxidation and reduction, the proper ratio electrooxidation/reduction time, and current density on the removal efficiency were investigated in detail. In addition, a proposed mechanism of manganese-mineral-catalyzed electrooxidation-reduction process was discussed in this paper.     

Adaptability of microbial inoculators and their contribution to degradation of mineral oil and PAHs

Five dominant bacteria strains（A cetobacter sp., Alcdigenes sp., Micrococcus sp., Arthrobacter sp. and Bacillus sp.） and five fungi strains （Cephalosporium sp. Ⅰ, Cephalosporlum sp. Ⅱ, Aspergillus sp. Ⅰ, Aspergillus sp. Ⅱ and Fusarium sp.） isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil were used to assess the potential capability of mineral oil and PAH enhanced degradation separately and jointly using the batch liquid medium cultivation with diesel oil spiked at 1000 mg/L. The experiment was performed on a reciprocal shaker in the darkness at 25℃ to 30℃ for 100 d. The dynamic variation in the activity of microbial inoculators in each treatment and the degradation of the target pollutants during the period of experiment were monitored. Results showed a more rapid biodegradation of mineral oil and PAHs at the beginning of the experiment （about 20 d） by dominant bacteria, fungi and their mixture than that of the indigenous microorganisms, however, thereafter an opposite trcnd was exhibited that the removal ratio by indigenous microorganisms was superior to any other dominant treatments and the tendency lasted till the end of the experiment, indicating the limited competitive capability of dominant microorganisms to degrade the contaminants, and the natural selection of indigenous microorganisms for use in the removal of the contaminants. At the end of the experiment, the removal ratio of mineral oil ranged from 56.8 % to 79.2 % and PAHs ranged from 96.8 % to 99.1% in each treatment by microbial inoculators,