MAP法处理氨氮废水最佳条件的研究

MAP法是一种比较新颖有效的处理氨氮的方法，该方法是通过化学沉淀的方式使废水中的氨氢浓度降到很低。而且沉淀反应不受温度、水中毒素的限制。由单项试验以及正交实验的方法对MAP法处理氨氮废水的工艺进行优化研究，结果表明，在pH=8.5，反应时间为3h,Mg:N:P=1:3:1.0:1.1时为较佳反应条件；氨氮的去除率随着反应时间的增加而增加，随着Mg:N比值的增加而增加。     

X射线晶体学对造岩矿物研究的应用

本文主要叙述XRD（X射线衍射）及单晶X射线回摆图在选岩矿物研究中的应用，不涉及X射线晶体结构分析。     

GROUND WATER NITRATE REDUCTION IN GIANT CANE AND FOREST RIPARIAN BUFFER ZONES1

ABSTRACT: Ground water contamination by excess nitrate leaching in row‐crop fields is an important issue in intensive agricultural areas of the United States and abroad. Giant cane and forest riparian buffer zones were monitored to determine each cover type's ability to reduce ground water nitrate concentrations. Ground water was sampled at varying distances from the field edge to determine an effective width for maximum nitrate attenuation. Ground water samples were analyzed for nitrate concentrations as well as chloride concentrations, which were used as a conservative ion to assess dilution or concentration effects within the riparian zone. Significant nitrate reductions occurred in both the cane and the forest riparian buffer zones within the first 3.3 m, a relatively narrow width. In this first 3.3 m, the cane and forest buffer reduced ground water nitrate levels by 90 percent and 61 percent, respectively. Approximately 40 percent of the observed 99 percent nitrate reduction over the 10 m cane buffer could be attributed to dilution by upwelling ground water. Neither ground water dilution nor concentration was observed in the forest buffer. The ground water nitrate attenuation capabilities of the cane and forest riparian zones were not statistically different. During the spring, both plant assimilation and denitrification were probably important nitrate loss mechanisms, while in the summer nitrate was more likely lost via denitrification since the water table dropped below the rooting zone.     

矿产资源的开发利用与环境保护

作者论述了人口、资源、环境三者之间的辩证关系，提出环境保护是矿产资源开发利用的前提，不能以牺牲环境为代价来开发利用矿产资源。以此为基点，作者概述了我国矿产资源开发利用对环境的影响，以及我国矿山环境保护工作的现状，提出了加强矿产资源开发利用中环境保护的五项建议。     

矿产资源进口战略的陷阱及其对策

我国矿产总量丰富、品种齐全，但随着经济的高速发展，总体上资源出现相对短缺，结构性矛盾突出，因此必须实施矿产资源进口战略。由于种种原因，在战略实施过程中常会发生“变形”，从而产生种种可怕的陷阱。为了保障我国国家经济安全、繁荣矿业事业、促进矿产资源的合理开发利用，作者就如何避开这些陷阱提出了有关对策。     

A Sensitivity Analysis of Nitrogen Losses from Dairy Farms

International attention has focused on agricultural production systems as non-point sources of pollution affecting the quality of streams, estuaries and ground water resources. The objective of the current study was to develop a model of nitrogen management on the dairy farm, and to perform sensitivity analyses in order to determine the relative importance of manipulating herd nutrition, manure management and crop selection in reducing nitrogen (N) losses from the farm. The importance of the method of N input to the farm (purchased feed, legume fixation, inorganic fertilizer, imported manure) was investigated, and the potential to reduce N losses from dairy farms was evaluated. Nitrogen balance equations were derived, and related efficiency coefficients were set to reference values representing common management practices. Total farm N efficiency (animal product N per N input), and N losses per product N were determined for different situations by solving the set of simultaneous equations. Improvements in animal diet and management that increase the conversion of feed N to animal product by 50% would increase total farm N efficiency by 48% and reduce N losses per product by 36 to 40%. In contrast, reducing losses from manure collection, storage and application to improve the percentage of manure N that becomes available in soil by 100% would only improve total farm N efficiency by 13% and reduce total N losses by 14%. Selecting crops and management that can use soil nutrients 50% more efficiently would improve total farm efficiency by up to 59% and reduce N losses by up to 41% depending on the predominant nitrogen sources to the farm. Legume production would reduce N losses per product compared with non-legumes. There was more than a five fold difference in N losses per animal product N between the most extreme scenarios suggesting considerable opportunity to reduce N losses from dairy farms.     

NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT EFFLUENTS,SOUTH PLATTE RWER BASIN1

ABSTRACT: Accurate data about nutrient concentrations in wastewater treatment plant effluents are needed for river basin water-quality studies. As part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program in the South Platte River Basin, nutrient data were requested from 31 wastewater-treatment plants located in the basin. This article describes the types of nutrient data available from the plants, examines the variability of effluent nutrient concentrations, and discusses methods for estimation of nutrient concentrations where data are lacking. Ammonia was monitored at 88 percent of the plants, nitrite plus nitrate was monitored at 40 percent of the plants, and organic nitrogen and phosphorus were monitored at less than 25 percent of the plants. Median total nitrogen concentrations and median total phosphorus concentrations were small compared to typical literature estimates for wastewater-treatment plants with secondary treatment. Nutrient concentrations in effluent from wastewater-treatment plants varied widely between and within plants. For example, ammonia concentrations varied as much as 5 mg/L during a day, as much as 10 mg/L from day to day, and as much as 30 mg/L from summer to winter within a plant. In the South Platte River Basin, estimates of median annual ammonia and nitrite plus nitrate concentrations can be improved based on plant processes; and nitrite plus nitrate and organic nitrogen concentrations can be estimated based on ammonia concentrations. However, to avoid large estimation errors, more complete nutrient data from wastewater-treatment plants are needed for integration into river basin water quality studies. The paucity of data hinders attempts to evaluate the relative importance of point source and nonpoint source nutrient loadings to rivers.     

氯碱工业三氯化氮控制技术研究

三氯化氮（NCl3）是液氯生产中的一种副产物,是生产和使用过程中能够引起爆炸危害的一种易爆物质.其安全监控与防治的重要,已被我国氯碱科技工作者认同而获得共识.尽管如此,我国氯碱工业生产中三氯化氮爆鸣、爆炸事故还在经常发生,安全隐患尚未得到彻底的解决,对生产设备造成了严重的破坏,并造成不同程度的人员伤亡和氯气泄漏事故,损失惨重,危害极大.因此就三氯化氮的性能、爆炸与危害,主要来源、预防措施与消除方法进行了较为详尽的阐述.     

南昌市环境空气质量分析和控制

利用多年的环境监测数据,分析南昌市环境空气中主要污染物尘类、二氧化硫和氮氧化物产生的原因,并提出有效控制上述污染物的具体措施。     

矿业权市场的交易机制及运作模型

运用经济学和系统论的观点对矿业权市场的信息形成与传递、交易客体的价格形成的有关过程与机制进行了探讨,提出了矿业权市场的信息传递模式和探矿权、采矿权的价值构成模式,并对矿业权市场的运作模式进行了研究.