人工湿地去除氨氮机理及影响因素研究

人工湿地的脱氮主要是通过水生植物吸收、微生物的硝化和反硝化以及氮的挥发等途径来实现的,微生物的硝化与反硝化是主要的脱氮机制。人工湿地去除氨氮的影响因素很多,不仅受到基质、微生物和水生植物这3种人工湿地构成要素的影响,还受到溶解氧(DO)、pH和温度的影响,改善这些影响因素从而达到良好的脱除氨氮效果。最后对人工湿地基质吸附饱和后再生处理问题进行了探讨。     

内循环移动床生物膜反应器的研究与应用

对传统移动床生物膜反应器进行改进,开发了内循环移动床生物膜反应器,通过处理模拟生活污水的研究,考察了反应器去除有机物和脱氮的能力。结果表明,在填料投加率为35%、进水COD为200～800mg/L、HRT为6h、有机负荷为0.8～3.2kg/(m.3d)的条件下,系统COD的去除率在89%以上;同时反应器具有良好的同步硝化反硝化脱氮能力,在DO为2.0mg/L、C/N为25、HRT为6h的条件下,NH4-N和TN的平均去除率分别可以达到98%和93%。另外,内循环移动床生物膜反应器与移动床生物膜反应器的对比实验结果表明,前者对COD和氮的去除效果都优于后者。     

水质总磷总氮在线自动监测技术的研究

通过优化国内外水质总氮总磷的手工和自动监测方法及设计参数,研究了基于紫外催化-过硫酸钾氧化分光光度法的在线监测技术,设计了紫外线加强氧化-消解反应器和20通道自动校准与自动进样集成控制系统。该技术与国家标准监测方法相比大大提高了总磷总氮氧化率和消解速度,实现了在较低温度和常压条件下水质总磷总氮的快速、安全和稳定的在线自动监测,具备了良好的市场推广应用前景。     

甘肃平凉市大气湿沉降中氮、硫污染物循环特征分析

大气环境中氮,硫污染物的循环,正在自然系统改变。人为活动已明显冲击了氮、硫元素的循环过程,它们可能对生物多样性,局地气侯变暖,土壤,水体,人体健康等逐渐带来严重影响。氮、硫污染物亦是大气酸沉降的主要来源。通过对甘肃平凉市大气湿沉降中氮、硫污染物特征分析,掌握氮、硫污染物动态变化,分析它们在大气湿沉降中的化学变化及污染循环特征,为做好节能减排工作提供理论依据。使氮、硫元素的循环趋于平衡,防止酸沉降在我市发生,进一步提高我市环境空气质量。     

降低总氮空白吸光值的因素探讨

为了有效控制总氮的空白吸光值,本文从容器的洗涤、实验用水、试剂纯度、样品的消解、后处理阶段等环节进行分析,通过科学实验,探讨了其影响因素,找到最佳条件：用1：3的硫酸清洗容器消除有机物的干扰,GR级的过硫酸钾和AR级的氢氧化钠分别进行溶解作为消解剂,控制消解的时间超过30分钟,最后用1：9的盐酸消除干扰,总氮的空白值可以控制在0.020之内。     

土壤中矿物油含量测定方法研究

建立了土壤中矿物油含量的分析方法。采集的土壤鲜样,采用无水硫酸钠进行化学干燥。用四氯化碳提取土壤中的油类物质,采用硅酸镁去除提取液中的动植物油等极性化合物后,使用红外分光测油仪测定提取液中的矿物油含量。此方法具有良好的线性关系,相关系数在0.9999以上。测定下限为1.85 mg/l,测定上限为100 mg/l,测量范围为9 mg/kg～500 mg/kg,方法的灵敏度为1.05。试剂空白加标回收率56%～83%,实际样品加标回收率在69%～74%之间。该法简便快速,灵敏准确,具有广泛的应用前景。     

利用化学沉淀法降低焦化废水氨氮浓度的预处理工艺研究

为了有效净化高浓度氨氮工业废水,采用向废水中投加MgCl2·6H2O和Na3PO4·12H2O生成磷酸氨镁沉淀的方法,以去除其中的高浓度氨氮。结果表明,在pH值为9.0,Mg^2＋、NH4^＋、PO4^3-的摩尔比为1.2：1：0.9,反应温度为25℃,反应时间为20 min,沉淀时间为50 min的条件下,氨氮质量浓度可由3 100 mg/l降低到56mg/l,去除率达到98%以上,为后续生化处理创造了条件。     

Performance of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite process under different aeration modes and dissolved oxygen

In this study, three sequential batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs) were operated for 155 days to evaluate the performance of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process under different aeration modes and dissolved oxygen (DO). Synthetic wastewater with 160-mg NH4 ⁺-N/L was fed into the reactors. In the continuously-aerated reactor, the efficiency of the ammonium nitrogen conversion and total nitrogen (TN) removal reached 80% and 70%, respectively, with DO between 0.8–1.0 mg/L. Whereas in the intermittently-aerated reactor, at the aeration/non-aeration ratio of 1.0, ammonium was always under the detection limit and 86% of TN was removed with DO between 2.0–2.5 mg/L during the aeration time. Results show that CANON could be achieved in both continuous and intermittent aeration pattern. However, to achieve the same nitrogen removal efficiency, the DO needed in the intermittently-aerated sequential batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) during the aeration period was higher than that in the continuously-aerated SBBR. In addition, the DO in the CANON system should be adjusted to the aeration mode, and low DO was not a prerequisite to CANON process.     

Effect of Earthworm(Pheretima sp.) Density on Revegetation of Lead/zinc Metal Mine Tailings Amended with Soil

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of earthworm density on the availability of nutrients and heavy metals in metal contaminated soils. Pb/Zn mine tailings were mixed throughly with a red yellow podzolic soil at the ratio (w/w) of 75:25. Earthworms (Pheretima sp.) were introduced to the mixture at four different densities, zero, three, six and nine individuals per pot planted with ryegrass (Loliun multiflorum). The results indicated that earthworm activity significantly enhanced ryegrass shoot biomass. However, as denser earthworm population was introduced, shoot biomass tended to decrease. Earthworm activity significantly increased soil pH and availability of N, P and K in the tailings and soil mixture. There was a general tendency that uptake of Zn by ryegrass increased after earthworm inoculation, although the increase in extractable Zn in tailings and soil mixture was not significant. On the contrary, there seemed to be a lower uptake of Pb by ryegrass under earthworm inoclation, despite the fact that higher extractable Pb concentrations were observed. The present project indicated that the improved growth of ryegrass was due to improved nutrient availability and other soil conditions, by inoculation of earthworms at an appropriate rate. Further studies are needed to illustrate the relationship between metal availability and earthworm activity in the field.