几种土壤铁锰结核对Cr(Ⅲ)的氧化特性(Ⅰ)--氧化锰矿物类型与吸附态离子的影响

用X射线光电子能谱、氧化还原平衡等技术，研究了我国几种土壤铁锰结核对Cr（Ⅲ）的氧化特性，结果表明：供试土壤铁锰结核中的锰为＋3、＋4价态，黄棕壤（N2－1）、黄褐土（N4－1）、砂姜黑土（5-1)铁锰结核中氧化锰矿物对Cr（Ⅲ）的最大氧化量分别为627．1、723．6、478．6mmol/kg(MnO2），其中水钠锰矿／锂硬锰矿组合对Cr（Ⅲ）的氧化量化钙锰矿／锂硬锰矿组合的大；对Cr（Ⅲ）的是分率随Pb吸附量的增加而降低至稳定，随Cd、离子吸附量增大的变幅较小，土壤铁锰结核中的氧化锰矿物对Cr （Ⅲ）的氧化量与氧化锰矿物类型、锰的价态、吸附态阳离子种类及表面位点亲和性等因素有关。     

矿产资源计价理论与方法的研究

本文论述了矿产资源的价值由矿山级差地租和矿山绝对地租构成,指出了矿产资源的特点决定了矿产资源计价不能采取地租“资本”化的形式,而应按年消耗资源的数量计取并提出了矿产资源计价的基本模型。     

长江中下游土壤矿物组成与其土壤肥力

系统论述长江中下游地区土壤矿物组成的特点及其与该地区气候条件及成土母质条件间的关系，并深入论述土壤矿物组成对土壤肥力的影响。     

Closed wastewater cycle in a meat producing and processing industry

Creta Farm Plc, owns the largest meat producing (pigs rearing), processing and packaging unit in the island of Crete, in Greece, placed outside the city of Rethymnon in the north coast of the island. From the farm, where more than 20 000 pigs of various ages and sizes live, 300–320 m³ of wastewater are collected in a daily basis. From the slaughterhouse and the processing unit another 100–125 m³/d are produced. The wastewater treatment system is a combination of settling and aeration tanks, with decanters operating in different phases of the process, mainly for the removal of the solids from the wastewater. The average biochemical oxygen demand and total suspend solids values of the treated effluent are 40 and 80 mg/l, respectively. From this almost secondary treated effluent about 100 m³ are used for cleaning the sewage pipes of the rearing unit (animals houses). The remaining 300 m³ are disinfected with a weak chlorine solution before used for irrigating trees, grass and various other plants. More than 2000 eucalyptus trees, 1500 tamarix trees and a large number of olive trees are growing in the site creating a pleasant view and at the same time help minimising the odour problem.     

Ghana: revival of the mineral sector

After almost two decades of decline, Ghana's mineral sector has rebounded significantly and is currently the main foreign exchange earner. Gold mining is the principal activity within the sector and accounted for 41 percent of total export earnings in 1996. This paper presents an overview of Ghana's mineral industry and covers mineral resources, production and reserves; mining investments; the role of mining in the economy; and the structure of the industry. An overview of the national mineral policy is also presented to depict the current regulatory and fiscal environment in which the industry operates. The spectacular reversal in mineral sector performance can be attributed to the adoption of World Bank recommendations in a new national mineral policy, the 1986 Minerals and Mining Law, aimed at revitalizing the sector.     

Influence of Processing Additives on the Degradation of Melt-Pressed Films of Poly(ε-Caprolactone) and Poly(Lactic Acid)

Melt-pressed films of polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with processing additives, CaCO₃, SiO₂, and erucamide, were subjected to pure fungal cultures Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium simplicissimum and to composting. The PCL films showed a rapid weight loss with a minor reduction in the molecular weight after 45 days in A. fumigatus. The addition of SiO₂ to PCL increased the rate of (bio)erosion in A. fumigatus and in compost. The use of a slip additive, erucamide, was shown to modify the properties of the film surface without decreasing the rate of bio(erosion). Both the rate of weight loss and the rate of molecular weight reduction of PCL increased with decreasing film thickness. The addition of CaCO₃ to PLA significantly reduced the thermal degradation during processing, but it also reduced the rate of the subsequent (bio)degradation in the pure fungal cultures. PLA without additives and PLA containing SiO₂ exhibited the fastest (bio)degradation, followed by PLA with CaCO₃. The degradation of the PLA films was initially governed by chemical hydrolysis, followed by an acceleration of the weight change and of the molecular weight reduction. PLA film subjected to composting exhibits a rapid decrease in molecular weight, which then remains unchanged during the measurement period, probably because of crystallization.     

烟台市矿产资源的开发利用对策

烟台市矿产资原丰富,开采量大,资源消耗速度快,合理开发与科学保护是其可持续开发的重要措施．     

基于RBF网络的火灾探测信号处理算法研究

本文通过建立火灾探测信号处理的RBF网络模型,并与通常的BP网络模型和期望结果进行对比,结果表明:在进行火灾探测信号处理中,RBF网络可避免BP网络的局部极小以及收敛速度慢等缺点,在精度、训练速度等方面均优于BP网络。该研究为处理火灾探测信号等非结构问题提供了一种行之有效的方法。     

基于尾矿库安全物联网决策支持系统研究

尾矿库安全管理是一项非常复杂的系统工程,针对湖南黄金集团高流坑尾矿库安全管理工作人工依赖性强、智能化程度低,灾情实时判断与预警控制决策效率低等不足特点,提出物联网技术,结合先进的数据感知技术,将数据采集、处理、分析及决策等环节进行一体化综合集成,研究设计尾矿库安全物联网决策支持系统。使尾矿库建设运营参与各方加强认知和揭示尾矿库安全灾变规律,为实现尾矿库安全管理智能预警决策提供有力的辅助支持。     

铜尾矿对油菜生长和生理功能的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了铜陵铜尾矿对油菜生长和生理功能的影响.结果表明,油菜种子能在铜尾矿上萌发,但发芽率和发芽速率均小于正常土壤.尾矿能降低油菜叶绿素含量,而且对叶绿素a/b比值也有影响.在尾矿胁迫下,油菜叶片的细胞膜透性增加,硝酸还原酶活性降低,抗坏血酸含量下降,表明尾矿对油菜具有毒害作用.与对照相比,尾矿处理油菜根系表现为主根变短,侧根数减少,根系体积明显变小.尾矿能明显抑制油菜幼苗的根和茎叶生物量,降低根冠比.随着油菜的生长发育,尾矿的毒害作用更加明显.尾矿对油菜的影响最终反映在油菜的产量上.铜元素的毒害和尾矿的极端贫瘠是影响油菜生长的2个因素.成熟期油菜各器官铜含量大小依次为根＞茎叶＞籽粒,籽粒中铜含量与土壤和尾矿混合物中有效铜含量在α=0.01水平上显著正相关.