Groundwater resources at risk in the glaciofluvial formation of Jokkavaara in Rovaniemi area, Northern Finland

The best groundwater resources in Finland are generally situated in glaciofluvial formations with thick sand and gravel deposits. The glaciofluvial formation of Jokkavaara, in northern Finland near the town of Rovaniemi, is important for both its groundwater reserves and its sand and gravel resources. The groundwater and mineral resources of Jokkavaara was studied to define their quantity and quality, and to develop a land-use plan which would help civil servants of the municipality to make the decisions necessary for exploiting sand and gravel. The land-use plan shows the areas where exploiting mineral resources is not allowed or recommended because of the risks of contamination of groundwater, or because of injurious effects on the environment caused by noise and dust from gravel pits, or by spoilt landscape. The size of Jokkavaara is 5 km2, and its mineral resources are about 53 million cubic metres. The sand and gravel deposits are at the most, 50 m thick. Risks of contamination by fallout are small, due to the thick sand and gravel deposits above groundwater level. Exploiting mineral resources have no effect on groundwater quality either. By the land-use plan and legislation, good groundwater can also be protected in the future. Legislation limits the exploitation of mineral resources especially in groundwater areas.     

江苏土地资源存在的问题及其对策

一、扼要叙述土地资源利用现状、变化趋势和后备土地资源状况,二、说明江苏土地资源利用存在的问题。三、重点阐述人地矛盾突出和环境污染发展趋势严峻两大问题。四、指出必须把治理保护土地资源和生态环境作为一项重大任务加以落实。提出加强综合管理、综合治理,加强资源保护,控制人口增长,加速农业资源开发的对策。     

长江上游山丘区土地承载力研究与评价——以四川省宜宾市为例

我国是一个以山地为主的国家，耕地有限且以山丘坡耕地为主，协调人地关系非常重要。以四川省宜宾市为例，通过土地资源生产潜力和人口数量预测模型的建立，采用环境容量等级系数计算和等级划分方法，对基于水土流失和生态工程建设作用下的长江上游流域山丘区土地利用类型与格局的变化及其它人类活动对土地承载力的影响进行了研究与评价。研究结果表明，宜宾市土地资源的生产潜力在2010、2015、2020年时总体上都能承载3种生活类型条件下的人口数量，3种生活类型下的容量等级基本都在“3”以上，即达到“满足”水平，并呈现出向“富余”水平提高的趋势，这表明尚具有较大潜力和空间的土地承载力是宜宾区域经济发展的有利驱动因素，人类活动对土地承载力产生的影响在可承受的生态阈值之内，为长江上游流域及我国广大山丘地区的生态环境建设和区域发展提供了可靠依据。     

政府管制下的水权制度博弈分析

政府管制下的水权制度通常基于全流域的整体利益对流域水资源进行优化配置。但是由于信息不对称。管理者无法得知用水户的真实收益函数，以及委托一代理等原因。会出现“政府失灵”。通过深入分析在水权制度体系下政府管理者与用水户的行为特点。针对双方不同的行为方式。可以为政府管理者提供有效的政策工具．以减少因“政府失灵”所导致的制度失效。本文从水权制度运行的微观层面出发。对政府管理者和用水户之间的行为进行了博弈分析．考察了在不同的政策下双方的行为变化。以及对水权制度所产生的影响。认为政府可以通过降低检查成本、加强内部管理、提高超额罚金以及对不同类型的用水户进行差别对待等方式．使得用水户降低超额取水的频率，以实现全流域水资源优化配置的制度目标。     

略论建设长江经济带

强调指出长江沿岸地区是我国本世纪末或更长时期内重点开发的地区之一,论述了建设长江经济带的必要性和长江流域的资源秉赋,提出了建设长江经济带的基本构想以及应采取的战略措施。     

Innovative solutions for averting a potential resource crisis—the case of one-person households in England and Wales

This paper seeks to test the hypothesis that growth in one-person households will increase the domestic consumption of energy, land and household goods in England and Wales. It concludes that if current consumer behaviour of one-person households persists there will be a significant increase in the consumption of all three resources in the future. However, it argues that that many opportunities exist in England and Wales for tackling this problem. For example the new housing programme, increasing ability amongst one-person households to afford “green alternatives” and the search amongst some one-person households for alternative lifestyles (which could be potentially more resource efficient). The paper suggests that providing one-person households with opportunities to live in more resource efficient housing and adopt pro-environmental behaviour could significantly reduce their future environmental impact. Various design, fiscal and awareness-raising solutions are presented in the paper and their viability is assessed. These include ecological homes, collective housing forms, occupancy tax, relocation packages, educational programmes and targeted advertising campaigns. The paper proposes that using a combination of these more innovative solutions to the problem could significantly reduce the future environmental impact of one-person households.     

石羊河流域生态灌溉制度中的数学模型

本文从水利生态学的角度出发,研究分析了与水利有关的生态问题和与生态有关的水利问题。首次提出了生态灌溉制度的概念,为水利生态学的建立、水资源的高效利用打下了基础。建立了三级数学模型,用系统工程的方法,通过计算机求解,能够得到高效低耗的生态灌溉制度,为发展节水型的高效生态农业提供可靠的科学依据。     

水资源对区域社会经济发展的支撑能力研究--以济南市长清区为例

水资源支撑能力即在当前技术水平条件下,某一区域水资源对区域发展总体目标的支撑限度.该文以系统动力学理论为指导,对长清区水资源的支撑能力进行了分析.拟定出在水资源约束条件下的三个区域发展方案,即:(1)水资源投资控制;(2)工业增长速度控制;(3)污水回用率控制.仿真结果分析表明,以方案(3)的适用性较好,在水资源投资不断增加,投资比例趋于合理的情况下,水资源对社会经济发展的支撑能力将由2002年的0.98提高天2010年的1.0.     

高效粉煤灰水泥技术的推广潜力分析

分析了与发达国家相比,我国粉煤灰综合利用率较低的主要原因是受高效研磨技术水平的限制,影响了优质粉煤灰的生产成本。介绍了国外高效粉煤灰水泥（EMC）技术,并探讨了其在中国的推广潜力。     

Adapting the bioblitz to meet conservation needs

When conservation strategies require new, field‐based information, practitioners must find the best ways to rapidly deliver high‐quality survey data. To address this challenge, several rapid‐assessment approaches have been developed since the early 1990s. These typically involve large areas, take many months to complete, and are not appropriate when conservation‐relevant survey data are urgently needed for a specific locale. In contrast, bioblitzes are designed for quick collection of site‐specific survey data. Although bioblitzes are commonly used to achieve educational or public‐engagement goals, conservation practitioners are increasingly using a modified bioblitz approach to generate conservation‐relevant data while simultaneously enhancing research capacity and building working partnerships focused on conservation concerns. We term these modified events expert bioblitzes. Several expert bioblitzes have taken place on lands of conservation concern in Southern California and have involved collaborative efforts of government agencies, nonprofit organizations, botanic gardens, museums, and universities. The results of expert bioblitzes directly informed on‐the‐ground conservation and decision‐making; increased capacity for rapid deployment of expert bioblitzes in the future; and fostered collaboration and communication among taxonomically and institutionally diverse experts. As research and conservation funding becomes increasingly scarce, expert bioblitzes can play an increasingly important role in biodiversity conservation.