Biodecolorization and partial mineralization of Reactive Black 5 by a strain of Rhodopseudomonas palustris

A strain of photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas palustris W1, isolated from a lab-scale anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) treating textile e?uent was demonstrated to decolorize Reactive Black 5 (RB5) effciently under anaerobic condition. By a series of batch tests, the suitable conditions for RB5 decolorization were obtained, namely, pH < 10, light presence, glutamine or lactate as carbon source with concentration more than 500 mg/L when lactate is selected, NH4Cl as a nitrogen source with ...     

浙闽裂谷带的成矿意义

浙闽裂谷带为金银铅锌铜钼金属矿床及萤石、高岭土等非金属矿床的重要成矿域,其代表性矿床有治岭头金银矿床、梅仙式块状硫化物多金属矿床、银坑斑岩型钼矿床、湖山萤石矿田、武义萤石矿田等。裂谷带活动具两个旋回,第一旋回与超大陆解体相当,始于新元古代,闭合于加里东期,代表性地层标志为中元古代地层。第二旋回始于燕山早期,止于燕山晚期,代表性地层标志为下侏罗统枫坪组地层及白垩纪断陷盆地沉积地层。第一旋回相对应区域变质、混合岩化、韧性剪切活动及岩浆岩侵位等地质作用。第二旋回相对应大规模火山喷发、岩浆侵位、断陷盆地等地质作用。第一旋回裂谷环境中,形成治岭头式金银矿和梅仙式铅锌多金属矿床的初胚或金属矿床的初始矿体;在第二旋回后期大规模火山热液的成矿作用中,使前者叠加富集,形成了巨大资源量的工业矿体,而岩体侵位形成了一系列斑岩铜矿和浙闽地区极富特色非金属矿、萤石矿成矿带。     

湖南锡矿山周边水体的环境特征

对湖南锡矿山矿区内冶炼废水、尾沙坝的渗滤水、某采矿点的矿坑水以及邻近河流的水质化学基本特征以及金属离子(Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Fe2+、Zn2+和As、Sb、Se、Bi、Hg)和非金属离子(F-、NO3-、Cl-、NO2-、SO42-、PO43-和Ac-)含量和污染特征进行研究.结果表明:各水样的矿化度在549.5～1640.0mg·L-1之间,平均值为1004.3mg·L-1;总硬度在472.9～1199.5 mg·L-1之间,平均值为895.8 mg·L-1;所有水样的锑浓度在4581～29423μg·L-1之间,平均值为10068μg·L-1;尾沙坝的渗滤水中汞、砷、硒含量最高,分别达到12.861、1617.220、34.447μg·L-1;在河流中,锑和硒的含量从上游到下游逐渐降低,表现出正相关性.     

Degradation of Reactive Yellow 86 with photo-Fenton process driven by solar light

The decolorization of Reactive Yellow 86(RY 86),one of reactive azo dyes,was investigated in the presence of Fenton reagent under solar light irradiation.The decolorization rate was strongly influenced by pH,initial concentrations of H 2 O 2 and Fe(II),and so on.An initial concentration of 40 mg/L was decolored more than 90% after 20 min under optimum conditions.The activation energy of the solar photo-Fenton reaction was 1.50 kJ/mol for RY 86 in the temperature range of 10-60°C.In the kinetic study,the rate constant of RY 86 with OH· radicals could be estimated to be 1.7 × 10 10 L/(mol·sec).The decolorization efficiency of RY 86 under solar light irradiation was comparable to the artificial light irradiation.The decrease of TOC as a result of mineralization of RY 86 was observed during photo-Fenton process.The rate of RY 86 mineralization was about 83% under UV irradiation after 24 hr.The formation of chloride,sulfate,nitrate and ammonium ions as end-products was observed during the photocatalytic process.The decomposition of RY 86 gave two kinds of intermediate products.The degradation mechanism of RY 86 was proposed on the base of the identified intermediates.     

洱海表层沉积物溶解性有机氮生物有效性

选取9个洱海表层沉积物样品,提取了DON(溶解性有机氮)进行生物矿化培养,测定了培养过程中各形态氮含量,并运用三维荧光技术研究了DON结构变化. 结果表明:①洱海沉积物中w(DON)范围为43.52~214.71mg/kg,平均值为115.19mg/kg,DON主要由类蛋白和类腐殖质类物质构成,并且以类蛋白为主;②洱海沉积物中DON生物有效性为1.21%~72.77%,平均值为33.23%,生物可利用量平均值为50.22mg/kg;DON生物有效性空间差异明显,北部和南部较高,而中部较低;③洱海生物自身产生及形成的DON主要由类酪氨酸组成,其中有小部分类腐殖质可被生物利用,这是由于类色氨酸和类酪氨酸共存可提高DON类腐殖质生物有效性. 此外,w(DON)占w(TDN)(TDN为可溶性总氮)的比例是影响DON生物有效性的重要因素,w(DON)/w(TDN)越高,类腐殖质及类酪氨酸含量越低,沉积物中DON生物有效性越高. 可见,DON对湖泊富营养化有重要影响,控制洱海富营养化,不仅需要关注沉积物中的w(TN),也应关注w(DON)及DON组成特征.      

碳酸盐矿化菌对模拟放射性Sr2+的成矿作用

选取碳酸盐矿化菌进行培养,利用其在代谢过程中分泌的尿素酶分解尿素产生CO₃2-,从而将游离态的放射性Sr2+转化为稳定态SrCO₃. 通过能谱分析(EDS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对沉淀产物进行分析,并计算核素固结率. 结果表明:微生物诱导沉积的沉淀为大小混杂、表面多孔的SrCO₃晶体颗粒,并相互黏结形成不规则的团聚体;c(Sr2+)、ρ(尿素)及培养时间等对SrCO₃晶体形貌产生影响;菌体本身作为成核位点参与了碳酸盐矿化菌诱导Sr2+的矿化过程. 当c(Sr2+)为0.05 mol/L、ρ(尿素)为30 g/L、pH为8.0并在30 ℃下培养72 h时,生成较大的微生物矿化物团聚体,对Sr2+固结率可达98.32%,可实现放射性核素稳定化处置.      

Challenges of a feasible route towards sustainability in environmental protection

Anaerobic processes for treatment of low and high strength wastewaters and solid wastes constitute the core method in the natural biological mineralization (NBM) treatment concept. When adequately combined with the complementary NBM-systems and modern clean water saving practices in wastewater collection and transport, they represent a feasible route to sustainable environmental protection (EPsus), in essence even towards a more sustainable society. Despite the development and implementation of modern high rate Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment (AnWT-) systems and complementary innovative NBM-processes, the considerable progress made since the seventies in fundamental insights in microbiology, biochemistry and process technology, still numerous challenging improvements in the NBM-field can be realized. This contribution is mainly based on the insights attained from wide ranging literature evaluations and the results of experimental research conducted by numerous PhD students who participated in our group over the last four decades. An attempt is made here to identify major facets on which an improved insight can, and consequently should, be obtained in order to accomplish more optimal operation and design of various types of Anaerobic Degradation (AnDeg-) processes.     

生物炭添加对太湖滨岸带土壤氮矿化和淋失特征的影响

滨岸带土壤的氮矿化改变了氮元素的迁移和利用效率,与水体富营养化控制息息相关,而土地利用导致的土壤性质差异使得氮的固持和运移能力不同.因此,以太湖西部沿岸3种土地利用类型的土壤(林地、草地和耕地)为研究对象,通过培养实验和土柱淋溶实验,探究不同生物炭添加(0％、1％和5％)条件下滨岸带土壤氮矿化量的动态变化和淋失特征.结...     

轻组有机质对太湖沉积物氮、磷矿化的影响

采用连续淹水培养试验研究轻组有机质(LFOM)对鼋头渚(Y)和贡湖(G)2种不同污染程度太湖沉积物氮、磷矿化的影响. 结果表明,去除LFOM并没有改变沉积物氮、磷的矿化趋势. 试验初期,沉积物累积矿化氮、磷量急速上升,之后增速变慢,至峰值后迅速下降,42 d时达到最小值,并持续至试验结束. 经过77 d的培养试验,不同处理的2种不同污染程度沉积物有24%～39%的总氮(TN)和7%～26%的总磷(TP)被矿化;污染较重的沉积物Y的净矿化氮、磷量和矿化速率均高于沉积物G;去除LFOM使沉积物的净矿化氮、磷量和矿化速率均有所降低,其中沉积物Y的净矿化氮、磷量分别降低了110.86和145.26 mg/kg,下降了15%和74%,沉积物G降低了195.13和29.99 mg/kg,下降了40%和50%. 沉积物Y的氮、磷平均矿化速率分别降低了3.01和5.36 mg/(kg·d),沉积物G分别降低了6.35和1.30 mg/(kg·d).      

阿魏酸、对羟基苯甲酸对土壤中氮矿化的影响

实验研究阿魏酸、对羟基苯甲酸对土壤中的氮矿化的影响,分析了麦秸和麦秸在土中腐解时产生的酚酸与土壤中氮矿化作用的相关性．结果表明,２种酸对氮矿化的影响不同．在对羟基苯甲酸存在下微生物对氮的固持作用大于在阿魏酸存在下的固持作用．土样中加入酚酸与加入麦秸相比,麦秸对土壤中氮的矿化的影响更为显著,变化趋势也不同．