黄土丘陵区刺槐林深层土壤有机碳矿化特征初探

土壤剖面100 cm以下的深层土壤有机碳储量在土壤碳储量中占有很大比例,研究深层土壤有机碳矿化特征以揭示其稳定性,可为深层土壤碳汇认证提供依据.本文以浅层土壤(0～100 cm)为对照,模拟深层土壤温度和水分条件(温度15℃、土壤含水量8%),研究了黄土丘陵区刺槐林深层土壤(100～400 cm)有机碳矿化特征.结果表明:①土壤有机碳总矿化量随着土壤深度增加呈下降趋势,亚深层(100～200 cm)、深层(200～400 cm)有机碳总矿化量分别占浅层(0～100 cm)土壤总矿化量的88.1%和67.8%;②亚深层、深层与浅层土壤有机碳矿化过程相似,分为3个阶段.快速分解阶段:亚深层、深层(0～10 d)的矿化量占总矿化量的比值约为浅层(0～17 d)的50%;缓慢分解阶段:亚深层、深层(11～45 d)的矿化量占总矿化量的比值约为浅层(18～45 d)的150%;相对稳定阶段:3个层次(46～62 d)矿化量占总矿化量的比值无明显差异.③浅层、亚深层、深层土壤有机碳矿化率差异不显著(P>0.05),有机碳稳定性基本一致.研究结果反映了深层土壤有机碳也参与土壤碳循环,在评估黄土丘陵区土壤固碳效应时应充分考虑深层土壤有机碳的变化.     

Degradation and mineralization of 2-chioro-, 3-chloro- and 4-chlorobiphenyl by a newly characterized natural bacterial strain isolated from an electrical transformer fluid-contaminated soil

A bacterium classified as Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain IR08 by phenotypic typing coupled with 16S rRNA gene analysis wasisolated from a soil contaminated with electrical transformer fluid for over sixty years using Aroclor 1221 as an enrichment substrate.The substrate utilization profiles revealed that IR08 could grow on all three monochlorobiphenyls (CBs), 2,4'- and 4,4'-dichlorobiphenylas well as 2-chlorobenzoate (2-CBA), 3-CBA, 4-CBA, and 2,3-dichlorobenzoate. Unusually, growth was poorly sustained on biphenyland benzoate. In growth experiments, IR08 degraded all CBs (0.27 mmol/L) in less than 96 h with concomitant stoichiometric release ofinorganic chloride and growth yields were 2-3 times higher than those observed on biphenyl. In contrast to most of the chlorobiphenyl-degrading strains described in the literature, which are reported to form CBA, no metabolite was identified in the culture broth byHPLC analysis. When co-incubated with respective CBs and biphenyl, strain IR08 preferentially utilized the chlorinated analoguesin less than 96 h while it took another 264 h before 90% of the initially supplied biphenyl could be degraded. The promotion of co-metabolic transformation of halogenated substrates by the inclusion of their non-halogenated derivatives may not therefore, result inuniversal benefits.     

施氮与凋落物去除影响下中亚热带阔叶林土壤氮素矿化潜势和硝化潜势研究

氮沉降影响土壤氮循环,而凋落物是土壤有机氮的主要来源,因此,为了探讨氮沉降和凋落物是否去除作用下,亚热带森林土壤潜在的氮素矿化与硝化作用,选择已进行8年模拟氮沉降试验的亚热带罗浮栲(Castanopsis fabri)常绿阔叶林土壤为研究对象,野外样地氮添加设置3个水平:对照(CK,0 kg·hm?2·a?1)、低氮(...