电驱动道路车辆动力锂离子电池芯性能试验条件和要求

本文是电驱动道路车辆动力锂离子电池的试验和要求标题下的电池芯性能试验部分。结合国标转化过程和实验室能力验证经历,将锂离子电池芯的性能试验方法和要求作描述和解释。供实验室和相关产品的供需双方参考。     

道路车辆电气电子设备温度/湿度组合循环试验要点

温度/湿度组合循环试验本质上是一项气候环境的加速试验,失效较为集中。这里列出了若干关于试验的要点,供产品研发和试验人员把握。     

Diurnal Profile of Particle-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (pPAH) Concentration in Urban Environment in Tokyo Metropolitan Area

Traffic emits particles under 1 m. The particles arethe most responsible to particle-bound polycyclic aromatichydrocarbon (pPAH) which can impact human health. To assessthem as health hazards, we monitored diurnal changes in theconcentration and distribution of pPAH near roads in Tokyo.The total pPAH concentration was determined using aphotoelectric aerosol sensor (PAS) which ionized PAH-adsorbingparticles. The total pPAH concentration was compared withchemical analyses by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS). Two sampling sessions, one in August and one inSeptember 2000, were done at three sampling sites at the Hongo Campus of the University of Tokyo. Monitoring was every two minutes for six consecutive days for the first session and for seven consecutive days for the second session.Correlation of the pPAH concentration with traffic flow andwith meteorological conditions were also assessed. The pPAHconcentration varied in the same manner on all days: it sharplyincreased in the early morning by a sudden burden of traffic, and it rapidly decreased during the daytime, probably owing tophotodegradation and/or dilution by rising in the mixingzone. The local wind field, and consequently thetransportation of pPAH from the road, were stronglyinfluenced by the configuration and location of thesurrounding buildings. The pPAH clearly changed in 1- and0.5 day cycles, particularly at the roadside.     

梅岭、梅关、古道与梅花

梅岭，又名大瘐岭，为南岭山系五岭之首。梅关是粤赣交界的险关要塞，素有“岭南第一关”之誉，秦汉以前已存在。梅岭以梅花著称。古道与关同时出现，到唐初张九龄扩展岭路成坦途。     

城市道路交通可持续发展模式及其评价

首先在已建立的城市道路交通系统可持续发展评价指标体系的基础上提出了两种交通规划模式，即供需平衡模式和环保模式，然后讨论了基于这两种模式的规划方案的具体生成方法，最后，给出了各种发展模式自动评价系统的实现过程。     

城市道路尘的二重源解析方法与应用实例

采用"二重源解析"技术解析了太原市的各单一源类对城市道路尘(以下简称道路尘)的贡献值和分担率;各单一源类和道路尘对城市扬尘的贡献值和分担率;同时解析了各单一源类、道路尘和城市扬尘对环境空气颗粒物的贡献值和分担率。各源类对PM10的贡献率分别是:城市扬尘,27%;道路尘,20%;土壤风沙尘,10%;煤烟尘,13%;建筑水泥尘,10%;机动车尾气尘,11%;钢铁尘,1%;其他,8%。     

Modeling crash injury severity by road feature to improve safety

Objective: The objective of this research is 2-fold: to (a) model and identify critical road features (or locations) based on crash injury severity and compare it with crash frequency and (b) model and identify drivers who are more likely to contribute to crashes by road feature.

Method: Crash data from 2011 to 2013 were obtained from the Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) for the state of North Carolina. Twenty-three different road features were considered, analyzed, and compared with each other as well as no road feature. A multinomial logit (MNL) model was developed and odds ratios were estimated to investigate the effect of road features on crash injury severity.

Results: Among the many road features, underpass, end or beginning of a divided highway, and on-ramp terminal on crossroad are the top 3 critical road features. Intersection crashes are frequent but are not highly likely to result in severe injuries compared to critical road features. Roundabouts are least likely to result in both severe and moderate injuries. Female drivers are more likely to be involved in crashes at intersections (4-way and T) compared to male drivers. Adult drivers are more likely to be involved in crashes at underpasses. Older drivers are 1.6 times more likely to be involved in a crash at the end or beginning of a divided highway.

Conclusions: The findings from this research help to identify critical road features that need to be given priority. As an example, additional advanced warning signs and providing enlarged or highly retroreflective signs that grab the attention of older drivers may help in making locations such as end or beginning of a divided highway much safer. Educating drivers about the necessary skill sets required at critical road features in addition to engineering solutions may further help them adopt safe driving behaviors on the road.     

西方"第三条道路"经济观对当代中国经济的借鉴意义

阐述了当代第三条道路理论的形成背景及发展状况,并对第三条道路经济发展观的具体内容作了客观地阐述,然后就第三条道路经济观对当代中国经济发展的借鉴意义进行了有益的探讨.参13.     

香溪河流域黄磷运输环境风险分析

研究了载重量5t的黄磷运输汽车发生黄磷泄漏对香溪河流域的环境影响。泄漏的黄磷及污水与香溪河水混合后的总磷预测值:按河水多年平均流量(47.4m3/s)为0.3087mg/L,总磷浓度超标1.5倍;按洪水期最大流量(2890m3/s)为0.1526mg/L,不会对受纳水体造成明显污染;按枯水期最小流量(14m3/s)为0.6868mg/L,总磷浓度超标3.4倍。当发生黄磷燃爆引发P2O5大气污染事故时,半致死浓度范围为以事故点为圆心,半径约为60m的圆形区域;主要污染影响范围为事故源下风向3900m范围内。上述污染影响范围的确定,为事故的应急处理提供了科学依据。     

高速公路雨水径流重金属污染特性研究

对南京机场高速公路路面径流中Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn这4种重金属进行了现场取样检测,重点探讨了重金属污染的出流规律、事件平均浓度(EMC),并分析了降雨特征对径流重金属污染的影响.结果表明,不同类型降雨事件重金属污染出流规律不同：降雨历时短、降雨量小、降雨强度小的降雨事件重金属浓度在一定范围内波动,在整个径流过程中始终维持在较高水平;降雨历时长、降雨量大、前期强度大的降雨事件初期污染物浓度高、污染重,初期效应显著;降雨历时短、降雨量较大具有双峰雨型的降雨事件中重金属出流存在“二次冲刷"现象.计算结果表明,Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn的EMC中值浓度分别为1.43 μg·L^-1、 0.092 mg·L^-1、 38.6 μg·L^-1和0.51 mg·L^-1.Pb总体污染程度较严重,Cd、Cu和Zn与国内同类研究相比污染程度较为接近.重金属浓度与降雨特征相关性分析表明,降雨量对Cu的溶解出流影响较大,前期晴天数对Zn在路面的积累影响较大.