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81.
Shuang Hou Yingying Zhuang Yayun Deng 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(8):525-537
Cycloxaprid (CYC) is a new cis-configuration neonicotinoid insecticide, which is currently under development in China for agricultural pest control. Considering the photodegradation of CYC is important for the application of CYC in the future, the photochemical behavior of CYC in aqueous solution was herein investigated in a “merry-go-round” reactor under a 300 W high-pressure mercury lamp. Twenty-five photodegradation products were identified via UPLC-TOF-ESI-MS/MS. The results suggested that NTN32692, the precursor of CYC was the predominant photodegradation product. CYC photodegrades via a more complex mechanism than imidacloprid and four potential photodegradation pathways were proposed. 相似文献
82.
83.
In this study, the TiO2 photocatalytic decomposition process of aqueous phenol was investigated. The intermediate products generated in the elementary reaction steps in the mineralization process were experimentally identified as hydroquinone, catechol and hydroxyhydroquinone. The concentration variations of these intermediate products with time passage were traced by high performance liquid chromatograph. The pathways of the decomposition process were given. Based on Langmuir isothermal theory and Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, the multi-compounds competition kinetic model was established. In this model, the observed time-dependent concentrations of phenol and the intermediate products were simulated. 相似文献
84.
Distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in breast milk from North China: Implication of exposure pathways 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The breast milk concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs; sum of eight congeners: BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183 and 209) were determined (by high resolution gas chromatographic high resolution mass spectrometry) in samples from primiparous women collected in 2006 in Tianjin, China. Dietary and lifestyle habits of the participants were obtained by questionnaires. The median total PBDE concentration (including BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183) was 2500 pg g−1 lipid weight, ranging from 1700 to 4500 pg g−1 lipid weight. These levels were in the same range as those from Europe and Japan but much lower than those from North America. The congener profile in China was also different from other countries. The contribution of BDE-28 was around 15%, much higher than any other country, implying that a different Penta-BDE formulation might be used in the Chinese market. The lower ratio of the sum of BDE-47, 99, and 100 to the sum of BDE-153 and 154 suggested that Octa-products were in more demand in China. A significant correlation was found between a woman’s PBDE concentration and the time she used electronic appliances (h/d). This implies that electronics are a potential source of PBDEs to people. Inhalation or ingestion of particulate matter (such as dust) may also be an important exposure pathway. There was no significant correlation between the PBDE concentration and the consumption of meat, fish, and milk. Further research is needed to determine the specific contribution of each exposure route and their health effects. 相似文献
85.
The electrochemical reduction characteristics of carbon tetrachloride (CT) were investigated using cyclic voltammetry in this study. In addition, the difference in reduction mechanisms of CT between Master Builders' iron and the catalyzed Fe-Cu process was discussed. The results showed that CT was reduced directly on the surface of copper rather than by atomic hydrogen produced at the cathode in the catalyzed Fe-Cu process. The reduction was realized largely by atomic hydrogen in Master Builders' iron. The entire CT in 350 ml aqueous solution with 320 mgL was reduced to trichloromethane and dichloromethane in 2.25 h when 100 g of scrap iron with FeCu ratio of 10:1 (ww) were used. Moreover, the reduction rate slowed with time. CT could be reduced at acidic, neutral and alkaline pH from solution by Fe-Cu bimetallic media, but the mechanisms were di?erent. The degradation rate was not significantly in?uenced by pH in the catalyzed Fe-Cu process; in Master Builders' iron it clearly increased with decreasing pH. The kinetics of the reductions followed pseudo-first order in both cases. Furthermore, the reductions under acidic conditions proceeded faster than that under the neutral and alkaline conditions. The catalyzed Fe-Cu process was superior to Master Builders' iron in treating CT-containing water and this advantage was particularly noticeable under alkaline conditions. The reduction was investigated in the cathode (Cu) and anode (Fe) compartments respectively, the results showed that the direct reduction pathway played an important role in the reduction by the catalyzed Fe-Cu process. The catalyzed Fe-Cu process is of practical value. 相似文献
86.
LIU Fang-yao HONG Ming-zhang LIU Dan-mei LI Ya-wen SHOU Pei-shun YAN Hai SHI Guo-qing 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(10):1257-1260
Biodegradation of methyl parathion (MP),a widely used organophosphorus pesticide,was investigated using a newly isolated bacterium strain Acinetobacter radioresistens USTB-04.MP at an initial concentration of 1200 mg/L could be totally biodegraded by A.radioresistens USTB-04 as the sole carbon source less than 4 d in the presence of phosphate and urea as phosphorus and nitrogen sources,respectively.Biodegradation of MP was also achieved using cell-free extract of A.radioresistens USTB-04.MP at an initial concentration of 130 mg/L was completely biodegraded in 2 h in the presence of cell-free extract with a protein concentration of 148.0 mg/L,which was increased with the increase of pH from 5.0 to 8.0.Contrary to published reports,no intermediate or final degradation metabolites of MP could be observed.Thus we suggest that the cleavage of C--C bond on the benzene ring other than P-O bond may be the biodegradation pathway of MP by A.radioresistens USTB-04. 相似文献
87.
This paper presents the externalities of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the Taichung metropolitan, Taiwan. The human effects of SO2 from stationary sources are a key element for local air quality management. A methodology to evaluate those effects in monetary
term had been adapted and applied. This method was modified from the EU-based impact pathway approach link to the skill of
geographic information systems. The studied area was divided into 66 districts and the quantity of SO2 was allocated to each district. Then, the ambient concentration of SO2 was estimated by using the ordinary kriging method. A risk analysis was employed to characterize the health impacts caused
by SO2. Finally, a monetary transfer approach based on the European data was conducted to estimate local damage costs per ton of
SO2. Health impacts, especially acute mortality, dominate in term of costs. The calculation showed that damage costs ranged from
0.56 to 7.38 USD/kg SO2 based on the 2002 emission data. The results could be used in the internalization of SO2 externalities and management of the stationary sources in the studied area. This paper also concludes that the externalities
caused by stationary-related SO2 emissions are some 28.5 million US dollars in Taichung metropolitan (Taiwan) in 2002. 相似文献
88.
89.
JESSICA J. HELLMANN JAMES E. BYERS† BRITTA G. BIERWAGEN‡ JEFFREY S. DUKES§ 《Conservation biology》2008,22(3):534-543
Abstract: Scientific and societal unknowns make it difficult to predict how global environmental changes such as climate change and biological invasions will affect ecological systems. In the long term, these changes may have interacting effects and compound the uncertainty associated with each individual driver. Nonetheless, invasive species are likely to respond in ways that should be qualitatively predictable, and some of these responses will be distinct from those of native counterparts. We used the stages of invasion known as the "invasion pathway" to identify 5 nonexclusive consequences of climate change for invasive species: (1) altered transport and introduction mechanisms, (2) establishment of new invasive species, (3) altered impact of existing invasive species, (4) altered distribution of existing invasive species, and (5) altered effectiveness of control strategies. We then used these consequences to identify testable hypotheses about the responses of invasive species to climate change and provide suggestions for invasive-species management plans. The 5 consequences also emphasize the need for enhanced environmental monitoring and expanded coordination among entities involved in invasive-species management. 相似文献
90.
以一株降解氯氰菊酯的红球菌(Rhodococcussp.)CDT3为材料,研究了CDT3降解氯氰菊酯的最适条件(温度、pH值、接种量、培养时间、添加营养物).结果表明,在温度30℃,pH8.0时,CDT3对氯氰菊酯的降解率最高,添加少量葡萄糖、蛋白胨、酵母汁均能促进它对氯氰菊酯的降解.研究了CDT3降解氯氰菊酯的代谢途径,通过GC-MS分析,证实氯氰菊酯被CDT3降解后的产物是3-苯氧基苯甲酸(3-PBA)和二氯菊酸(DCVA),推测氯氰菊酯是由CDT3产生的羧酸酯酶降解的,作为验证,提取了CDT3的粗酶液,并且通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)检测了羧酸酯酶. 相似文献