水培番茄滤床-折流板式潜流湿地深度净化农村生活污水

研究开发了一种水培番茄滤床-折流板式潜流人工湿地组合式生态系统,用以接纳经厌氧生物滤池-跌水充氧生物接触氧化装置处理后的农村生活污水,验证该组合式生态系统无土栽培番茄同时深度净化生活污水的可行性。近5个月新建中试系统运行结果表明：番茄对生活污水尾水有良好的适应性,在进水COD、NH4+、TN、TP分别为54.4、10.8、26.9和2.24 mg·L-1的条件下,组合生态系统出水达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 18918-2002）一级B标准,收获番茄12.7 kg·m-2,番茄果实中未出现重金属超标现象。折流板式潜流湿地种植的3种景观植物美人蕉、再力花和常绿鸢尾均长势良好,平均株高分别达到了235.2、242.6和68.1 cm。通过实验结果认为,番茄对农村生活污水有较强的适应力和较好的净化效果,可与潜流人工湿地组合有效深度处理农村生活污水尾水,同时产生一定经济效益。     

Stimulation of human amniotic fluid cell proliferation and colony formation by cell plating on a naturally produced extracellular matrix

Human amniotic fluid cells exhibit a higher cloning efficiency and rate of cell proliferation when maintained on dishes coated with a naturally produced extracellular matrix (ECM) in comparison with the regular tissue culture plastic. In 22 out of 31 amniotic fluid samples there was by plating the cells on ECM a 2–6 fold increase in number and size of colonies and in the cell density per colony as detected by actual staining and viewing of each colony. These effects yielded, in 21 of 41 additional samples, a reduction ranging from 2–8 days, in the culture time elapsing between amniocentesis and the first harvesting of cells for chromosomal analysis. An even greater effect was obtained with primary cells that failed to attach to plastic surfaces and stayed floating in the medium but did attach and proliferate when seeded on ECM. Cells that were left firmly attached to ECM after the first trypsinization and harvesting of cells for chromosomal analysis yielded colonies ready for second karyotyping in less than half the time required for cells maintained on plastic. Studies with secondary cultures of human amniotic fluid cells have demonstrated a 5–10 fold decrease in serum requirement of cells cultured on ECM as compared with plastic. Addition of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) to the cultures further potentiated the effects of ECM. The ECM induced stimulation of cell attachment and proliferation was not associated with any chromosomal anomalies, nor did it interfere with the handling procedure. ECM coated dishes may be useful to reduce the time interval between amniocentesis and diagnosis, in particular when the amniotic cells exhibit an exceedingly slow rate of proliferation on plastic or when large quantities of cells are required for enzymatic studies.     

基于PDCA模式的化工企业安全文化探讨

近年来,化工事故屡次发生,给国家和人民带来了巨大的经济损失.为了减少化工企业的安全生产事故,有的通过HSE管理体系降低安全事故率,有的通过危险性评价来控制危险源.从文化管理的角度探讨化工企业的安全文化建设问题,以期减少化工企业的安全生产事故. 根据安全文化管理的优势以及化工生产的特点,引入PDCA管理模型,把化工企业安全文化建设分4个阶段,系统地讨论了化工企业的安全文化建设问题,并且形成了一套化工企业的文化建设体系,可供企业参考.     

硒酸钠和亚硒酸钠对长春花细胞悬浮生长的影响

研究了硒化合物对长春花(C.roseus)细胞悬浮生长的影响.在pH5.5培养介质中,当Se(Ⅵ)>0.5ppm或Se(Ⅳ)>0.6ppm时,将抑制C.roseus细胞悬浮生长,其致死浓度分别是100ppm Se(Ⅵ)和2.0ppm Se(Ⅳ).C.roseus对硒化合物有效强的富集作用.硒化合物的毒性和培养介质的pH值有关.在本试验条件下,硒酸钠和亚硒酸钠对Hg²⁺无拮抗作用.     

陕西民俗文化旅游资源的保护与开发

陕西民俗文化旅游资源丰富,具有较高的社会价值和旅游价值,但由于政府部门的疏于重视和广大民众认识的浅薄,导致陕西民俗文化旅游资源受到严重的破坏,同时也造成不良风气的大量出现,使这些价值未能得以发挥.针对这一现状,以全国民俗文化的保护和开发为参照,结合陕西民俗文化旅游资源的自身特点,从保护和发展两个方面涉及的具体问题为出发点,就具体的问题提出了具体的建议,希望以此引起各方重视.参5.     

红豆杉培养细胞紫杉醇的分离及鉴定

红豆杉培养细胞紫杉醇的分离及鉴定甘烦远，郑光植，彭丽萍，沈月毛（中国科学院昆明植物研究所昆明６５０２０４）关键词红豆杉；紫杉醇；细胞培养；分离鉴定ＩＳＯＬＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＩＤＥＮＴＩＦＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＡＸＯＬＦＲＯＭＣＵＬＴＵＲＥＤＣＥＬＬＳＯＦ...     

非洲爪蟾肝细胞原代培养方法

非洲爪蟾是研究内分泌干扰物的良好模型动物,其体外肝细胞可用于类雌激素活性评价、污染物代谢等研究.论文探讨了非洲爪蟾肝细胞原代培养的方法,采用两步原位灌注法分离非洲爪蟾肝细胞,通过胶原酶的作用使细胞之间解离,后经过一系列转速的离心,获得纯化的肝实质细胞.研究结果表明,采用此法获得的细胞数量为2.5～5×106个,细胞成活率达95%以上,纯度在95%以上,细胞胞体透亮,折光性强,状态良好.培养24h后贴壁较好,每2d换液1次,可培养8～10d,细胞可满足多种后续实验的要求.     

Population structure of humpback whales in the western and central South Pacific Ocean as determined by vocal exchange among populations

For cetaceans, population structure is traditionally determined by molecular genetics or photographically identified individuals. Acoustic data, however, has provided information on movement and population structure with less effort and cost than traditional methods in an array of taxa. Male humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) produce a continually evolving vocal sexual display, or song, that is similar among all males in a population. The rapid cultural transmission (the transfer of information or behavior between conspecifics through social learning) of different versions of this display between distinct but interconnected populations in the western and central South Pacific region presents a unique way to investigate population structure based on the movement dynamics of a song (acoustic) display. Using 11 years of data, we investigated an acoustically based population structure for the region by comparing stereotyped song sequences among populations and years. We used the Levenshtein distance technique to group previously defined populations into (vocally based) clusters based on the overall similarity of their song display in space and time. We identified the following distinct vocal clusters: western cluster, 1 population off eastern Australia; central cluster, populations around New Caledonia, Tonga, and American Samoa; and eastern region, either a single cluster or 2 clusters, one around the Cook Islands and the other off French Polynesia. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that each breeding aggregation represents a distinct population (each occupied a single, terminal node) in a metapopulation, similar to the current understanding of population structure based on genetic and photo‐identification studies. However, the central vocal cluster had higher levels of song‐sharing among populations than the other clusters, indicating that levels of vocal connectivity varied within the region. Our results demonstrate the utility and value of using culturally transmitted vocal patterns as a way of defining connectivity to infer population structure. We suggest vocal patterns be incorporated by the International Whaling Commission in conjunction with traditional methods in the assessment of structure.     

多元可燃混合溶液的闪点预测

为了预测多元可燃混合液的闪点,建立了一个预测模型,通过二元和三元可燃混合液闪点实测值的试验对比,证实此模型的误差在可接受的范围内。此模型可以在预知可燃混合液组分比例和单组分闪点基础上快速预测混合液的闪点。     

土壤种子库特征及与地上植被的关系——以福建省三明市杉木人工林为例

以杉阔混交林和杉木人工纯林为研究对象,采用野外调查、取样和室内种子萌发法,研究土壤种子库的物种组成、密度、垂直分布特征及其与地上植被的关系.结果表明：混交林土壤种子库由24科30属的30种植物组成,纯林由20科24属的24种植物组成,种子密度分别为656.94±89.59粒/m²和486.11±77.66粒/m²,物种组成均以草本植物为主.两林分土壤种子库中的种子主要集中于0~2cm和2~5cm土层,占69.0%~75.2%.乔木种子主要分布于凋落物层中,灌木、草本和藤本植物的种子主要分布于0~2cm土壤层中.混交林和纯林土壤种子库与各自地上植被的相似性指数分别为0.40和0.33,整体相似程度较低.总体而言,杉木纯林和杉阔混交林林内种源充足,可满足林下植被更新的需求,混交林林下草本植被的更新潜力大于纯林.杉木种源不是其更新障碍的主要因素,林内较厚的凋落物以及林下较弱的光照可能是主要障碍因素,但尚需进一步研究.