城市垃圾焚烧厂直接掺烧城市污泥处置技术及其污染控制

为研究有效处置城市污泥的方法,通过改变掺烧配比、监测燃烧烟气等对燃烧过程的探索,研究了城市污泥直接与城市生活垃圾焚烧厂中的垃圾进行掺烧混烧的处置技术。结果表明：直接掺烧12.5%左右的城市污泥混烧,对生活垃圾入炉量、焚烧炉稳定以及污染物的排放量均未产生较大影响;根据掺烧城市污泥的烟气监测结果,直接掺烧城市污泥后,排放的污染物浓度虽略有升高,但都满足排放要求;掺烧前后产生的固体废物产生量基本没有太大变化,也未对周围环境造成影响。生活垃圾焚烧厂按照一定比例直接掺烧城市污泥(含水率80.0%)在技术上可行,可为城市污泥处置提供新思路。     

污泥回流调控影响因素探究与模型预测

为了解影响污泥回流强化混凝效能的影响因素,以水洞沟水库水为研究对象,通过混凝实验模拟不同工况对沉后水质、有机物去除的影响,同时应用偏最小二乘法建立污泥回流比控制模型。结果表明,相较于未回流污泥的原水而言,混合水浊度控制在500~1 000 NTU时,出水浊度最低约为1.2 NTU,COD_Mn小于1.5 mg·L⁻¹,需要的药剂最少,为30 mg·L⁻¹。混合水浊度继续升高,混凝效果变差。温度升高有利于混凝反应的进行。相对于0~15 ℃而言,15~20 ℃时,出水浊度更低,约为1 NTU。出水COD_Mn小于1.5 mg·L⁻¹,需要的药剂量最低,为20~25 mg·L⁻¹。此外,可调控的适宜混合水浊度范围较广。混凝效果随着SVI、MLSS的增大,呈现先降低后升高的趋势。当SVI为15~19 mL·g⁻¹,混合水浊度控制在500 NTU时,混凝出水水质较好。当MLSS为55~70 g·L⁻¹,混合水浊度控制在500~1 500 NTU时,混凝出水水质较好。根据以上结果建立的回流比控制模型拟合效果较好 (R² =0.778,RMSE=1.28),模型能较好地预测回流比变化趋势。本研究结果可为实际污泥回流工艺运行提供参考。     

葡萄糖和L-丙氨酸对藻菌共生系统处理养殖废水的影响研究

利用莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonasreinhardtii CC-125)与凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacilluscoagulans BS32)构建藻菌共生系统,通过Biolog EcoPlateTM微孔板筛选系统可利用碳源,进而研究葡萄糖和L-丙氨酸对藻菌共生系统中微藻和细菌生长的影响,并考察其对养殖废水的净化能力.结果...     

Human chromosomes in prenatal diagnosis: A one step high resolution technique

A simple high resolution technique for human chromosomes is described for fibroblasts obtained from amniotic fluid cell cultures. The application and clinical significance of this technique in prenatal diagnosis is discussed.     

A simple method for preparing prometaphase chromosomes from amniotic fluid cell cultures

A simple method for preparing prometaphase chromosomes from amniotic fluid cell cultures is described. The technique is based upon several key steps including: (1) reduced colcemid concentration, (2) reduced exposure to trypsin-EDTA, and (3) maintaining cells in single suspension by adjusting cell concentration appropriately. Chromosomes with banding resolution up ot 800 bands per haploid set can be routinely produced. The described methodology is particularly useful in defining and establishing the clinical significance of subtle structural aberrations.     

浅析安全文化与安全氛围的关系

为了清晰的阐述安全文化在安全生产过程中的作用。本文利用集合的方法阐述了安全文化与安全氛围的关系,同时利用数学公式表示了安全文化与安全氛围之间的联系,得出安全文化的作用是通过不同时刻的安全氛围的累计,从而让安全文化的作用机理变得数据化、具体化,让企业以及相关部门能够更好的重视安全文化的建设,从而推动企业、乃至世界的安全生产进程。此外,安全文化的建设维度相比安全氛围建设而言显得较少,在安全生产过程中应该积极探索新的建设维度,从而完善安全文化维度建设体系。     

三种抗生素对几种海洋微藻叶绿素a含量影响的初步研究

实验室条件下,研究了氯霉素(chloramphenicol ,Cm)、遗传霉素 (geneticin G418)、青霉素 (penicillin)对三种常见海洋饵料微藻:小球藻 (Chlorella vulgaris Beij. ) ,金藻8701(Isochrysis galbana Parke 8701.) 和小新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closterium Ehr.)叶绿素a含量的影响.结果表明: (1) 低于100 mg/L的氯霉素对小球藻和金藻8701叶绿素a含量影响较小(P>0.05);氯霉素浓度大于50 mg/L时,小新月菱形藻叶绿素a含量显著降低(P<0.05) .(2) 不同浓度的G418均明显抑制三种微藻叶绿素a含量的增加.(3) 低于100 mg/L的青霉素能够促进三种藻叶绿素a的增加,相对增长率随青霉素浓度的升高而逐渐下降;三种藻对青霉素的敏感性存在差异.试验结果可为微藻无菌培养体系的建立提供参考.     

鹤山针阔叶混交林的种群竞争初步研究

通过对鹤山针阔叶混交林种群竞争的研究发现,10年生同龄大叶相思—马尾松群落中,大叶相思生长良好,马尾松种群生长不良和死亡率高达72％;异龄大叶相思—湿地松群落内两种群均生长良好;马尾松、湿地松和大叶相思等纯 林内个体高度和胸径的分化差异小,而混交林内各种群个体高度和胸径分化差异大,尤其是大叶相思比针叶树种更明显;在考虑种群竞争指标时,个体枝叶的生物量或单位面积的生物量比植株数和构件更好;大叶相思—湿地松混交林总的生物量为69.091/hm~2,大叶相思—马尾松混交林为55.282/hm~2,这两个群落的生物量均低于7年生大叶相思纯林;营造针阔叶混交林时应以异龄块状混交方式为主。     

发动机黏接界面损伤破坏过程细观数值仿真

目的 揭示拉伸加载下发动机黏接界面的损伤破坏规律,以及典型参数对该损伤破坏过程的影响规律。方法 以建立的含预制宏观裂纹的硝酸酯增塑聚醚（NEPE）推进剂装药的黏接界面结构的细观有限元模型为基础,开展发生推进剂内聚损伤破坏、推进剂/衬层黏接界面损伤破坏和混合型损伤破坏的数值仿真计算,讨论不同损伤破坏形式下的裂纹扩展规律,以及推进剂基体强度、颗粒/基体黏接界面模量和强度、推进剂/衬层黏接界面模量和强度对损伤位置和损伤程度等的影响规律。结果 颗粒/基体黏接界面的“脱湿”是发生推进剂内聚损伤破坏时的主要损伤形式,损伤临界应变阈值约为30%。推进剂/衬层黏接界面损伤破坏时,裂纹扩展路径与预制裂纹方向一致。混合型损伤破坏包括颗粒/基体黏接界面“脱湿”、推进剂/衬层黏接界面脱黏和推进剂基体撕裂,裂纹在推进剂/衬层黏接界面发生扩展的临界应变阈值约为20%,颗粒/基体黏接界面发生“脱湿”损伤及裂纹扩展的临界应变阈值约为60%。推进剂基体强度、颗粒/基体黏接界面强度和推进剂/衬层黏接界面强度对装药黏接界面结构损伤破坏的影响更为显著,前2个参数的增大均能导致发生“脱湿”损伤的位置向推进剂/衬层黏接界面移动,...     

BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ESTUARINE/COASTAL POLLUTION1

ABSTRACT: Sustained interest in and concern about the health status of the aquatic environment has resulted in extensive research focused on (1) effects of pollution on survival, growth, and reproduction of resource species at all life stages; (2) diseases of fish and shellfish, as they may be related to pollution and as they may serve as indicators of environmental stress; and (3) contaminant body burdens in fish and shellfish - their effects on the aquatic animals and their potential effects on humans. Effects, lethal and sublethal, of pollutants on life history stages of fish and shellfish have been documented, as have impacts on local stocks in badly degraded habitats, but as yet there has been no adequate quantitative demonstration of effects on entire aquatic species - probably because of the difficulty in sorting out relative effects of the many environmental factors that influence abundance. Sublethal effects, especially those that result in disease, have been examined intensively, and some diseases and disease syndromes have been associated statistically with pollution. Other pollution indicators (biochemical, physiological, genetic, behavioral, and ecological) have also received some attention, as have body burdens of contaminants in aquatic species. Research, especially that conducted during the past decade, has done much to clarify the many pathways and toxic effects of contaminants on aquatic animals, and has also helped to identify mechanisms for survival of fish and shellfish in the presence of environmental changes caused by human activities.