二氧化碳的吸收方法及机理研究

随着温室效应的日益严重,人们对二氧化碳的处理吸收给予了越来越多的关注.对于如何选择吸收量大、吸收速率快的吸收剂的研究,从来没有间断过.介绍国内外现有的二氧化碳的吸收方法,包括物理吸收法、膜吸收法、O2/CO2燃烧法、化学吸收法等,分析各种方法的特点及优缺点,指出有机胺吸收技术是目前较优势的方法.对伯胺、仲胺、叔胺及混合胺等有机胺吸收CO2的机理进行了分析和探讨,并根据吸收机理,采用多原子氮有机胺TETA与MEA、DEA、TEA进行混合实验,给出了初步的实验结果.     

两株产电菌电子介体介导的胞外电子传递机理研究

构建了Klebsiella oxytoca d7和Shewanella sp.F1 2种纯菌燃料电池，探究了产电菌在产电过程中电子介体传递电子机制.结果表明：K.oxytoca d7只有作产电呼吸时，才会产生电子介体，而Shewanella. sp.F1在好氧呼吸、厌氧呼吸、产电呼吸下均能产生介电体，说明电子介体的产生与产电菌种类有关.两种菌介电体氧化还原电位相当（-250，210mV），且介于呼吸链NADH和辅酶Q之间.其介电体在胞内呼吸链上截获的电子均源于NADH，说明电子“逸出”位点只取决于介电体本身.K.oxytoca d7在碳源充足和不足时，电子介体产电量分别占总电量的60%和41%；Shewanella. sp.F1分别是57%和50%，说明在碳源充足时，2种菌的产电呼吸都以电子介体机制为主.介电体传递电子过程直接影响了阳极底物的转化和燃料电池的产电性能.     

不同阴极电子受体从生物燃料电池中发电的比较研究

以活性炭阳极双室生物燃料电池为基础,使用葡萄糖(COD为2000mg·L-1)作为底物,比较了铁氰化钾、过氧化氢、重铬酸钾和高锰酸钾分别作为生物燃料电池阴极电子受体时电池的开路电压和功率输出.结果表明,铁氰化钾、过氧化氢和重铬酸钾对应的开路电位分别为0.72V、0.33V和1.13V,均低于高锰酸钾的1.4lV.铁氰化钾和重铬酸钾对应的最大功率密度分别为4788mW·m-3和10951m W·m-3,相比之下高锰酸钾对应的最大功率达到了21912 mW·m-3.除过氧化氢外,3种氧化剂对应的电池内阻没有区别,均在2200Ω左右.当高锰酸钾浓度为200mg·L-1、pH为2.0时,开路电位高达1.44V,阴极电位达到1.38V,pH对电池电压输出的影响比高锰酸钾浓度更为显著.将高锰酸钾用于生物燃料电池从有机废水中发电不但可以极大提高系统的功率输出,还具有十分显著的经济和环境效益.     

催化裂解治理废旧轮胎制炭黑和燃料油产业化研究

介绍采用催化裂解技术治理废旧轮胎制炭黑和燃料油的工艺流程和成套设备,该工艺设备耗能低、产品质量好,工艺合理, 可连续投料、连续运转,处理效率高,最大限度地降低了二次污染,适合于治理废旧轮胎的产业化发展。     

Production,engine performance,combustion, emission characteristics and economic feasibility of biodiesel from waste cooking oil: A review

The depletion of fossil fuel reserves and increasing demands for diesel are considered to be important triggers for many of the initiatives that have been taken to search for possible sources for the production of biodiesel from materials available within the country. It is possible to produce biodiesel from waste/used cooking oils (WCO) that is comparable in quality to that of fresh vegetable oil. Not only does reuse of WCO, which can otherwise harm human health, reduce the burden on the government of treating oily wastewater, disposing of the waste, and maintaining public sewers, it also significantly lowers the production cost of biodiesel. In the process of frying, oil undergoes many reactions, leading to the formation of a number of undesirable compounds, such as polymers, free fatty acids, and many other chemicals. This poses challenges in the transesterification of WCO. This article covers different techniques in the production of biodiesel from WCO. It also compares combustion, emissions, and engine performance characteristics of biodiesel from WCO as well as factors affecting biodiesel production from WCO and its economic feasibility.     

Cloning and expression of α-amylase in E. coli: genesis of a superior biocatalyst for substrate-specific MFC

One of the most practical approaches for establishing a successful microbial fuel cell (MFC) is to fasten the oxidation rate of the substrate by the microorganisms to get quick paced electron transfer between microbes and electrode. A genetically modified Escherichiacoli, overexpressing α-amylase, is constructed and applied as biocatalyst in MFC using starch as substrate. The results are compared with nonrecombinant, native E.coli. The results show better performance for the MFC containing the recombinant strain demonstrated by higher power density (PD), lower resistance, and significant electrochemical activity. Maximum PD has been recorded as 279.04 mW m^?2 compared to 120.33 Mw m^?2 for the MFC operated with nonrecombinant E.coli. The impedance results also suggest the effectiveness of the recombinant strain by lowering the internal resistance by more than half order as compared to the nonrecombinant one. These results affirm that the engineered strain can be used as a superior biocatalyst in contrast to the native strain and by using the technique of genetic alteration; gene of interest can be inserted based on the substrate to be treated. So, this work gives a useful insight for accomplishing successful MFC operation with the use of bacterial stains engineered at the molecular level.     

Dynamic temperature model for proton exchange membrane fuel cell using online variations in load current and ambient temperature

This paper presents a dynamic temperature model for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system. The proposed model overcomes the complexity of conventional models using first-order expressions consisting of load current and ambient temperature. The proposed model also incorporates a PEMFC cooling system, which depends upon the temperature difference between events. A dynamic algorithm is developed to detect load changing events and calculate instantaneous PEMFC temperature variations. The parameters of the model are extracted by employing the lightning search algorithm (LSA). The temperature characteristics of the NEXA 1.2 kW PEMFC system are experimentally studied to validate model performance. The results show that the proposed model output and the temperature data obtained from experiments for linear and abrupt changes in PEMFC load current are in agreement. The root-mean-square error between the model output and experimental results is less than 0.9. Moreover, the proposed model outperforms the conventional models and provides advantages such as simplicity and adaptability for low and high sampling data rates of input variables, namely, load current and ambient temperature. The model is not only helpful for simulations but also suitable for dynamic real-time controllers and emulators.     

PPy/TiO2光催化微生物燃料电池产电及在钴酸锂浸出中的应用

以无水氯化铁为氧化剂,碳纸为基板,通过化学氧化法制备聚吡咯/二氧化钛（PPy/TiO₂）光电阴极,采用XRD、IR、SEM对光催化材料进行表征.以碳纸为阳极;碳纸、TiO₂改性碳纸和PPy/TiO₂改性碳纸为阴极,构建双室微生物燃料电池（MFC）.在光照条件下,研究了MFC废水处理效果、产电性能及阴极钴酸锂的浸出情况.结果表明：PPy/TiO₂改性碳纸最大功率密度为10425.7mW/m²,分别是碳纸和TiO₂改性碳纸的1.97和1.86倍;PPy/TiO₂改性碳纸阴极Co（Ⅱ）浸出率为47.8%,分别是碳纸和TiO₂改性碳纸的1.87和1.76倍.     

民用飞机油箱口盖抗低能量发动机碎片冲击适航验证技术研究

目的 依据适航条款CCAR25.963-e-1的要求,对民用飞机油箱口盖抗低能量发动机碎片冲击能力的适航符合性进行研究。方法 根据适航验证工作需要,制定了飞机油箱口盖抗低能量发动机碎片冲击的适航符合性验证流程,明确了适航取证需要考虑的油箱口盖范围和撞击角度,建立了发动机碎片有限元模型,开展了油箱口盖抗发动机碎片冲击的仿真分析与试验室试验。结果 仿真结果与试验结果对比分析后,二者基本一致,仿真分析基本能预测试验结果。结论 该仿真分析方法可供飞机口盖抗碎片冲击设计使用,该油箱口盖抗低能量碎片冲击适航符合性验证流程可供相似飞机适航取证参考使用。     

基于燃料特性的汽油机颗粒物排放预测关系式

汽油机的颗粒物排放与所用燃料的性能密切相关.为评价燃料特性对汽油机颗粒物排放的影响,建立了一个简化PN指数(SPNI)关系式并进行了统计学检验.该指数包含T70(70%蒸馏温度)、重芳烃(碳数≥9)含量、终馏点温度和烯烃含量4个关键的燃料参数.在试验和分析过程中配制了代表不同地区市场油的20种模型燃料,并对其燃料参数进行了相关性分析和多元线性回归.发动机试验结果表明,各种典型运行模式下的发动机实际颗粒物数量(PN)排放均与SPNI呈现高度的相关性.与已有的详细PM指数相比,该模型计算更为简便,可操作性强.该简化PN指数可用于工程上评价不同汽油燃料的颗粒物排放潜势.