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701.
Tzu-Hsuan Lan Yung-Chin Yang Chong Wen-Tong 《International Journal of Green Energy》2016,13(14):1483-1489
Nowadays microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a rapidly evolving field and studied extensively because of their simultaneous dual functions of decomposing organic waste matter and eco-power generation. Now, facing their low power density, multiple effects including various gravity conditions ranging from 0 G to 2 G and three kinds of geometric flow channel (serpentine channel, serpentine tapered channel and bio-mixer channel) in MFCs were studied because of their ability to significantly impact the performance of MFCs.Numerical simulation technology, with its significant lessening of time needed and saving experimental costs required was used in this study. Results show that a better power performance was found at a condition of 0.125 G and Reynolds number Re = 41.3 regardless of flow channel in MFCs. In addition, the bio-mixer channel of the flow channels in MFCs will have a better performance than the other two channels because of its lower pressure drop and higher power generation. These findings will provide useful information on enhancing the performance of MFCs, especially with the application of low gravity conditions in the future. 相似文献
702.
Yao-Cheng Lee Yung-Chin Yang Wen-Tong Chong 《International Journal of Green Energy》2016,13(14):1501-1506
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are one of the bioreactors that produce electrons by metabolizing substrate from microorganisms, and have the ability to both degrade waste solution and produce electrons. Recently, the activity of microorganisms has limited the power performance of MFCs. Chaos has been used to stimulate activity of microorganisms, but it has not been used previously in MFCs. In this study, three types of acclimations – native acclimation (NA), MFC acclimation (MFCA), and MFC embedded with chaotic electric field acclimation (CMFCA) – are applied to realize their performance and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in MFCs, respectively. Results show that the current density and the power density of CMFCA were improved by 1.33 and 1.25 times than MFCA, and the COD removal of CMFCA reached 85% after five days. In addition, the acclimation stage at the condition of CMFCA appeared after 10 days, but was not found for the MFCA system. These observations would provide positive information for improving the performance of MCFs in the future. 相似文献
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706.
实验主张将餐厨固体垃圾和餐厨废水分开处理,并研究微生物燃料电池(MFC)作为餐厨废水和堆肥渗滤液处理工艺的可行性,通过调节不同的有机负荷,分析其生物产电的潜力和处理效率。对于餐厨废水而言,3 000 mg/L是较为理想的处理浓度,输出电压最高,始终维持在0.5 V以上;高于此浓度时电压输出特性与底物浓度呈现反相关,输出电压略低于0.5 V。极化曲线,电化学阻抗分析等也都表明3 000 mg/L是较为理想的处理浓度。而且在各种浓度下经MFC处理后的餐厨废水去除率均在90%左右,出水COD均低于400 mg/L。至于堆肥渗滤液,虽然在产电性能、去除效果上较餐厨废水稍差一些,但整体上与餐厨废水呈现出相似的规律。以上结果表明,餐厨垃圾中的废水可以通过MFC有效的去除和实现能量的回收。 相似文献
707.
构建了单室空气阴极微生物燃料电池(MFC),研究了苯酚含量对以苯酚和葡萄糖为底物的MFC产电性能及苯酚去除率的影响。实验结果表明:当CODB(苯酚贡献的COD)为0时,MFC的运行周期为36 h,最大输出电压为560 m V,最大功率密度为489 m W/m2;CODB为1 000 mg/L时,MFC的运行周期为54 h,最大输出电压为436 m V,最大功率密度为98 m W/m2;当CODB为200 mg/L时,MFC的COD去除率、苯酚去除率和库伦效率(CE)均达到最大,分别为89.7%、99.9%和7.2%,同时,MFC的阳极生物膜产生的氧化峰电流最高,表明在葡萄糖-苯酚双底物对微生物的协同作用下,MFC的阳极生物膜氧化性最强;随着CODB的增大,COD去除率、苯酚去除率和CE均逐渐减小,说明苯酚的抑制作用导致微生物活性降低。 相似文献
708.
以混合型表面活性剂(十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和对叔辛基苯基聚己二醇醚(Triton X-114))为萃取剂,采用浊点萃取法萃取沉积物中的15种多环芳烃(PAHs),并利用HPLC技术测定15种PAHs的含量。实验结果表明,当混合型表面活性剂的加入量 3%(w)、混合型表面活性剂中SDS含量 50%(φ)、Na2SO4含量 8%(w)、萃取温度 60 ℃、超声萃取时间 10 min 时,15种PAHs的线性关系良好,r=0.998 9~0.999 7,检出限0.4~8.2 μg/L,加标回收率71.22%~97.36%,相对标准偏差0.92%~4.36%(n=6)。 相似文献
709.
J. Senthilnathan Ligy Philip 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):262-270
Lindane (1α, 2α, 3β, 4α, 5α, 6β-hexachloro cyclohexane), methyl parathion (O,O-dimethyl-O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate) and dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl-O-O-dimethyl phosphate) are removed from water individually and as a mixture by photo degradation using suspended and immobilized forms of TiO2 (Degussa P-25). Studies were conducted to optimize the coating thickness of immobilized photo catalyst. The rate of degradation of pesticides was compared in both suspended and immobilized TiO2 systems. Degradation studies of mixed pesticides were carried out with low concentrations (1.0 and 2.5 mg/L) of pesticides. Only three intermediate byproducts such as methyl paraoxon, O,O,O-trimethyl phosphonic thionate and p-nitrophenol were observed during the methyl parathion degradation in suspended, immobilized TiO2 systems and mixed pesticides degradation studies. At the end of the reaction methyl parathion and its by-products were completely degraded. During lindane degradation hexachloro cyclohexane, pentachloro cyclohexane, hexachloro benzene, 1-hydroxy 2,3,4,5,6-chlorocyclohexane, 1-hydroxy 2,3,4,5,6-chlorobenzene, pentachloro cyclopentadiene, 1,2,3,4,5-hydroxy cyclopentene and 1,2,3-hydroxy cyclobutane were identified in suspended and immobilized TiO2 systems, whereas only hexachloro cyclohexane, pentachloro cyclohexane, hexachloro benzene and pentachloro cyclopentadiene were observed during mixed pesticides degradation. No intermediate by-product was observed during the photo degradation of dichlorvos. Langmuir-Hinshelwood pseudo first order kinetic equation showed that there was not much change in the rates of degradation in both suspended and immobilized TiO2 systems irrespective of the pesticide. During mixed pesticides degradation, the degradation pattern was not similar to that of single pesticide. 相似文献
710.
Hsi‐Jien Chen Chung‐Min Liao P. Y. Yang 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):1009-1021
Abstract In order to develop a prefabricated treatment and reuse plant for diluted pig wastewater, an entrapped‐mixed‐microbial‐cell (EMMC) process was evaluated for its process performance and economic analysis. At the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 30 hrs (loading rate of 1.0 g TCOD/L/d) and intermittent aeration of 1 hr of aeration and 1 hr of non‐aeration, it was found that, by using the pretreatment of the ammonium crystallization, both the medium and large carriers were able to reduce TCOD, SCOD, and T‐N by 83.51, 84.11, and 95.10%, respectively. The EMMC unit and lime post‐treatment followed by ammonium crystallization can reduce BOD5, TCOD, SCOD, TSS, T‐N, and T‐P, respectively by 99.22, 93.85, 92.67, 97.73, 96.43, and 97.27%. The treated wastewater, after disinfection, is able to meet the requirements of the standards issued by the USEPA for reuse of food crops. The economic analysis indicates that based on the process performance of the EMMC unit, a prefabricated wastewater treatment plant for 2000 pigs has comparable net present worth (NPW) comparing intermittent aerated biological systems and less operation and maintenance and land requirement than conventional biological processes for removal carbon and nitrogen. A farm operation of more than 2000 pigs meets the unit cost of US$4.91/pig/yr. This will minimize the problems pertaining to technical factors or considerations that heavily influence planning, construction and operation of a pig wastewater treatment system. 相似文献