不适宜生长条件对混茵降解苯胺的影响

分别从台州和衢州某化工厂的好氧池中分离筛选得到2株苯胺降解菌TZl和JH1,经16SrDNA测序鉴定为Comamonassp．TZ1和Pseudomonassp．JH1,均具有较强的苯胺降解能力,培养24h后,可使初始浓度为800mg／L的苯胺去除率达到96．4％～98．4％。在此基础上,按体积比l：1将2株菌液进行混合构建了混合菌体系,进而对比考察了苯胺初始浓度、pH、盐度和重金属等环境因子对单一菌和混合菌生长量及降解苯胺效果的影响,重点探讨混合菌对不适宜生长环境的适应性及其对苯胺的降解特性。通过单一菌和混合菌对比实验发现,在适宜苯胺初始浓度、pH和盐度条件下,混合菌的生长量略高于单一菌;在不适宜生长的高浓度苯胺、pH和盐度条件下,混合菌也表现出了更强的适应性和苯胺矿化能力。Zn2＋和Cr6＋耐受实验则表明,对于Cr6＋混合菌表现出了更强的耐受能力,而对于zn2＋并没有表现出更强的耐受能力。     

Optimal planning of co-firing alternative fuels with coal in a power plant by grey nonlinear mixed integer programming model

Energy supply and use is of fundamental importance to society. Although the interactions between energy and environment were originally local in character, they have now widened to cover regional and global issues, such as acid rain and the greenhouse effect. It is for this reason that there is a need for covering the direct and indirect economic and environmental impacts of energy acquisition, transport, production and use. In this paper, particular attention is directed to ways of resolving conflict between economic and environmental goals by encouraging a power plant to consider co-firing biomass and refuse-derived fuel (RDF) with coal simultaneously. It aims at reducing the emission level of sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) in an uncertain environment, using the power plant in Michigan City, Indiana as an example. To assess the uncertainty by a comparative way both deterministic and grey nonlinear mixed integer programming (MIP) models were developed to minimize the net operating cost with respect to possible fuel combinations. It aims at generating the optimal portfolio of alternative fuels while maintaining the same electricity generation simultaneously. To ease the solution procedure stepwise relaxation algorithm was developed for solving the grey nonlinear MIP model. Breakeven alternative fuel value can be identified in the post-optimization stage for decision-making. Research findings show that the inclusion of RDF does not exhibit comparative advantage in terms of the net cost, albeit relatively lower air pollution impact. Yet it can be sustained by a charge system, subsidy program, or emission credit as the price of coal increases over time.     

The use of petroleum coke as fuel in a 10 kWth chemical-looping combustor

Tests were made in a 10 kW_th chemical-looping combustor with a petroleum coke as the solid fuel and the oxygen carrier ilmenite, an iron titanium oxide. The fuel reactor is fluidized by steam and the oxygen carrier reacts with the volatiles released as well as the gasification intermediates CO and H₂. A constant fuel flow corresponding to a thermal power of 5.8 kW was introduced into the fuel reactor and a total of 11 h of operation was reached. The effects of particle circulation and carbon stripper operation on solid fuel conversion, conversion of gas from the fuel reactor and CO₂ capture were investigated. The actual CO₂ capture ranged between 60% and 75% while the solid fuel conversion was in the range of 66–78%. The low values of solid fuel conversion reflect loss of char due to low efficiency of the fuel reactor cyclone. The incomplete conversion of the gas from the fuel reactor is expressed as oxygen demand. The oxygen demand corresponds to the fraction of oxygen lacking to achieve full gas conversion and was typically 25%, due to presence of CH₄, CO and H₂ from the fuel reactor. Typical ratios of CH₄, CO and H₂ over the total gaseous carbon from the fuel reactor are respectively 5, 10 and 25%. Low loss of non-combustible fines from the system indicates very low attrition of the oxygen carrier.     

高回收率循环水排污水回用处理工艺研究

采用城市中水作为火电厂循环水系统水源,在循环水高浓缩倍率运行条件下,循环水排污水具有含盐量高、硬度高、有机物浓度高的特点,回用处理难度大。通过试验模拟研究,提出了采用"Na OHNa_2CO_3联合软化+超滤+反渗透"处理工艺,该系统运行稳定,淡水回收率可达到85%,淡水可作为循环水系统补水或者锅炉补给水系统水源。     

生物质固体成型燃料技术及设备研究进展

介绍了国内外生物质固体成型燃料技术与产业及成型机发展现状,综述了生物质固体燃料成犁机的几种类型及特点,对各种成型设备的性能和应用进行了比较,并针对目前国内生物质固体成型燃料技术及没备存在的问题,提出了我国生物质固体成型燃料及设备产业化的发展方向.     

多功能混合菌剂处理模拟生活污水研究

从菜园土壤及药材土壤土样中分离选育出以丝状菌为主的6株COD高效降解菌,与实验室保藏的2株絮凝剂产生菌构建混合菌剂,使菌剂同时具有降解污染物以及增强活性污泥沉降性和絮凝性的功能.以COD去除率、污泥指数和活性污泥絮凝性为指标,研究了混合菌剂各菌种接种量的配比.结果表明,该菌剂添加于活性污泥系统处理模拟生活污水,可以使COD去除率从86.5%提高到94.5%,污泥指数从124下降到59.0,活性污泥絮凝性从0.358增加到0.530.研究表明,该多功能混合菌剂添加于活性污泥系统可以显著增强对模拟生活污水的处理效果.     

二灰碎石基层集料配合比设计及改性研究

本文通过室内试验,首先分析了不同配比、龄期对二灰碎石无侧限抗压强度及水稳性的影响,确定二灰碎石中石灰、粉煤灰与碎石的质量比为6:12:82是最佳配比方案;其次,在确定最佳配比方案的基础上,采用新型固化剂对二灰碎石进行改性试验,结果表明新型固化剂可以大大提高二灰碎石的强度和水稳性;最后,研究改性后二灰碎石养护90天、180天的强度和水稳性,确定试样固化养护期限为90天,为固化剂的推广应用提供了参考依据。     

剩余污泥生物燃料电池输出功率密度的影响因素

对于以剩余污泥为燃料的微生物燃料电池(MFC),考察了可能影响输出功率密度的相关因素.结果表明,污泥体积对燃料电池以面积为单位的输出功率密度影响效果不明显.电池阳极面积越大,输出功率密度反而越小.采用NaCl为离子添加剂时,随着投加量的增加,输出功率密度相应增加,最大为173.40mW/m2;但采用K2HPO4为离子添加剂时,输出功率密度则先增加后降低,可能是磷浓度的增加影响了系统微生物的活性.泥水比1:2时,最大功率密度为163.35mW/m2,稀释比增加或减少,输出功率密度均相应降低.阴阳极距离从5cm缩小到0.5cm,输出功率密度从50.14mW/m2增加到84.02mW/m2,说明O2的扩散未对阳极厌氧微生物造成影响.采用最优条件时,输出功率密度为256.12mW/m2.     

能量色散X射线荧光法快速测定生物质燃料中的磷含量

应用能量色散X射线荧光光谱法建立了生物质燃料中磷含量的快速测定方法。对比分析压片压力条件、基体效应和干扰元素,明确了能量色散X射线荧光光谱法的测试条件,通过加标回收率实验、标准样品测试、ICP-OES方法对比等获得实验结果。实验结果表明:能量色散X射线荧光光谱法用于生物质燃料样品的分析,标准工作曲线线性相关系数为0.998 3,方法检出限为0.4 mg/kg,平均加标回收率为98.1%,测定值的相对标准偏差为1.36%~4.92%,标准样品磷含量在标准值不确定度内,能量色散X射线荧光光谱法与行业标准ICP-OES方法的准确度和精密度不存在显著性差异,可应用于生物质中磷含量的环境监测。     

新一代环保型燃料——水煤浆

本文通过水煤浆在工业锅炉、电站锅炉及窑炉上的燃烧应用,说明水煤浆是新型清洁环保燃料。