复合氧化物催化剂用于汽车尾气净化的研究

研制了一系列非贵金属复合氧化物催化剂,测定这些催化剂净化汽车尾气的活性和抗硫、磷、铅及析碳中毒等性能,排出了它们的活性和抗硫中毒的顺序。实验表明,ASC(Re-Mn-Pb-Cu-Cr-A-O_x/Al_2O_3,A助剂)催化剂具有较高的活性及较好的抗硫磷、铅及析碳中毒性能,具有较好的应用前景。     

g-C3N4/Cu2O/CF电极制备及在微生物燃料电池中的应用

为了提高微生物燃料电池的产电性能,采用电沉积法将石墨态氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)与氧化亚铜(Cu_2O)负载到碳毡(Carbon felt,CF)表面,制得g-C_3N_4/Cu_2O/CF光电极用于构建微生物燃料电池.通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、光生电流曲线(I-T)、线性扫描伏安曲线(LSV)对光电阴极进行光电性能测试,并在白光发光二极管(LED)辐照下研究了以Cu_2O/CF、g-C_3N_4/Cu_2O/CF为阴极光催化微生物燃料电池的产电性能.结果表明,g-C_3N_4/Cu_2O/CF电极中g-C_3N_4分布在Cu_2O之间;g-C_3N_4/Cu_2O/CF光电极能提高光利用率,与Cu_2O/CF光电极相比,光电流密度达到2700 mA·m~(-2),增长幅度达到125%;与Cu_2O/CF阴极微生物燃料电池相比,g-C_3N_4/Cu_2O/CF阴极微生物燃料电池具有更优的产电能力,在白光LED辐照下最大功率密度和光电流密度达到110.7 mW·m~(-2)和1102 mA·m~(-2),增长幅度达到16%和27%.     

基于矢栅混合数据模型的土地适宜性评价研究

土地适宜性评价一般为单独基于栅格数据模型或者单独基于矢量数据模型。单一的数据类型在进行土地适宜性评价时对信息的表达难免存在不足。结合面向对象的思想,以土地评价的对象个体为评价单元,利用矢量数据的评价单元边界来分割各类因子作用分值数据,并将评价单元对象内数据统计分析后的结果通过栅格图斑标号对象的联接,入库作为评价单元该因子的作用分值,再根据确定的各因子权重,计算因子的综合评价分值来建立矢量栅格混合数据模型。在此基础上实现了算法,并以浙江省标准农田建设为例,在标准农田立地条件评价中进行了试验。试验结果表明,提出的矢栅混合数据模型能够较为全面地反映地块的各方面要素信息,保证了土地适宜性评价的准确性,并为土地适宜性评价的数据混合提供了一种新的思路。     

Clean energy,clean water,and quality education: Prospects of achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Sri Lanka

The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 targets universal access to affordable, reliable, and modern energy services by 2030. Modern or clean energy is perceived to be the golden thread that connects economic growth, human development, and environmental sustainability. However, one third of the world's population still uses solid fuels for cooking, endangering human health, and the environment. This paper, therefore, analyses demographic, socio-economic, and housing characteristics that affect the fuel choice for cooking. Further, it identifies how SDG 4 (quality education) and SDG 6 (clean water) create synergies with SDG 7 (clean energy). The data are obtained from the four waves of the Sri Lankan Households Income and Expenditure Survey, covering more than 79,000 households. The random-effects panel multinomial logit results reveal that household income, wealth, marital status and education of the head, age and education of the spouse, household size, number of children, housing characteristics, and residential sector are vital in selecting clean fuel for cooking. Furthermore, advanced sustainability analysis shows SDG 4 and 6 have a strong synergistic effect on SDG 7. Policymakers can use the findings to prioritise educational, water, and sanitation programmes in national policies aimed at enhancing the use of clean cooking fuel and technologies to meet SDG 7 by 2030.     

Characterizing the trophy hunting debate on Twitter

Social media is an arena of debate for contentious political and social topics. One conservation topic debated online is the acceptability of trophy hunting, a debate that has implications for national and international policy. We used a mixed-methods approach (grounded theory and quantitative clustering) to identify themes in the trophy hunting debate on Twitter. We examined commonly co-occurring categories that describe people's stances on trophy hunting. We identified 12 categories and 4 preliminary archetypes opposing trophy hunting—activism, scientific, condemning, and objecting—whose opposition derived from different moral reasoning. Few tweets (22) in our sample of 500 supported trophy hunting, whereas 350 opposed it. The debate was hostile; 7% of tweets in our sample were categorized as abusive. Online debates can be unproductive, and our findings may be important for stakeholders wishing to effectively engage in the trophy hunting debate on Twitter. More generally, we contend that because social media is increasingly influential, it is important to formally contextualize public responses to contentious conservation topics in order to aid communication of conservation evidence and to integrate diverse public perspectives in conservation practice.     

Carrousel氧化沟处理工业和生活混合污水的应用

昌邑城西污水处理厂根据工业和生活混合污水的水质特点及进水量,选用Carrousel氧化沟处理工艺,并在氧化沟前增设厌氧池和缺氧池,提高脱氮除磷的效果。工程调试及运行的实践表明,该工艺运行稳定且处理效果好,出水水质达到GB18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的二级标准。     

牡丹皮、川芎和石菖蒲挥发油提取工艺研究

目的确定牡丹皮、川芎和石菖蒲挥发油最适宜的提取工艺方法．方法用共水回流冷凝法研究了三种药材混合提取及分开提取挥发油的工艺方法,以挥发油的重量为指标来评价提取工艺．结果混合提取及分开提取所获得的挥发油的重量,经统计学分析无显著性差异（P〉0．05）．结论共水回流冷凝法混合提取牡丹皮、川芎和石菖蒲挥发油的工艺可行、简便,适合工业化大生产．表5,参3     

A mini-microbial fuel cell for voltage testing of exoelectrogenic bacteria

Current methods for testing the electricity generation capacity of isolates are time- and labor-consuming. This paper presents a rapid voltage testing system of exoelectrogenic bacteria called Quickscreen, which is based on a microliter microbial fuel cell (MFC). Geobacter sulfurreducens and Shewanella baltica were used as the model exoelectrogenic bacteria; Escherichia coli that cannot generate electricity was used as a negative control. It was found that the electricity generation capacity of the isolates could be determined within about five hours by using Quickscreen, and that its time was relatively rapid compared with the time needed by using larger MFCs. A parallel, stable, and low background voltage was achieved using titanium as a current collector in the blank run. The external resistance had little impact on the blank run during the initial period. The cathode with a five-hole configuration, used to hydrate the carbon cathode, gave higher cathode potential than that with a one-hole configuration. Steady discharge and current interrupt methods showed that the anode mostly contributed to the large internal resistance of the Quickscreen system. However, the addition of graphite felt decreased the resistance from 18 to 5 kΩ. This device was proved to be useful to rapidly evaluate the electricity generation capacity of different bacteria.     

发展洁净煤技术保护大气环境

分析了能源市场的构成以及污染大气的主要来源－煤烟型燃料,认为在我国现阶段的能源市场中以煤炭为主的能源结构将在相当长的时间内难以改革。欲改善和预防大气污染。就必须改变落后的用煤技术,大力发展洁净煤技术才有望从根本上改善大气污染的局面,在发展经济,提高经济效益和社会效益的同时确保大气环境质量的改善。     

双压入贴附送风在高温巷道掘进中的降温规律研究

为量化研究高温矿井深部开采掘进巷道在抽压混合通风中设备布置及风量分配对降温效果的影响规律问题,利用AN-SYS-FLUENT软件数值模拟掘进巷道通风降温模型.首先,提出双压入式混合贴附通风降温思路,并分别建立传统抽压混合通风与双压入式混合通风的巷道三维几何模型;然后,进行6组不同设备布置及风量分配的降温方案对比实验;最...