利用粉煤灰生产建材产品

阐述用燃煤电厂固体废物粉煤灰生产建材产品方案技术对比、粉煤灰砖生产工艺及技术。     

脉动跟踪除尘技术的应用研究

针对粉粒状物料在散装发送过程中 ,容易引起粉尘飞扬的问题 ,利用现代脉动跟踪技术和表面过滤技术 ,设计研制的除尘系统 ,始终将吸尘罩与料堆扬尘点的动态相对位置控制在合理的范围内 ,实现了粉粒状物流连续自动的、环保高效作用     

含半无限长裂纹压电材料的Ⅲ型强度因子

研究了含半无限长裂纹压电材料在平面内电场和反平面荷载作用下的问题 ,得到了满足拉普拉斯方程、裂纹面边界条件的位移函数解和电势函数解及电弹场的基本解 ,并得到了应力、应变、电位移强度因子和能量释放率。研究结果表明 ,在裂尖 ,电场强度没有奇异性 ,而应变、应力、电位移具有奇异性。     

循环流化床锅炉床温控制方法

就目前电厂循环流化床锅炉运行中存在的床温波动问题，讨论了导致床温波动的因素，并针对性地提出了控制床温的一些措施。     

焦化黄血盐吸收塔填料自燃原因分析

焦化黄血盐系统内的吸收塔在停产检修补充填料——铁刨花期间，经常发生铁刨花自燃现象，这是严重的事故隐患。结合武钢焦化公司黄血盐工艺特点，对其自燃原因作了详细分析，提出了避免此类事故发生的措施。     

地震应急的影响因素分析

本文在理论分析、国内外历史震例和救灾案例研究的基础上,同时参照我国的相关政策和法律法规文件,对影响地震应急(包括震前准备和震后应急行动)的因素进行了初步分类,并系统讨论了这些因素影响地震应急的方式、途径和程度.以期为地震应急的理论研究和地震应急的实际工作提供部分补充和指导.     

Heavy metal contamination in the vicinity of an industrial area near Bucharest

BACKGROUND, AIMS AND SCOPE: Chromium enters into the aquatic environment as a result of effluent discharge from steel works, electroplating, leather tanning industries and chemical industries. As the Cr(VI) is very harmful to living organisms, it should be quickly removed from the environment when it happens to be contaminated. Therefore, the aim of this laboratory research was to develop a rapid, simple and adaptable solvent extraction system to quantitatively remove Cr(VI) from polluted waters. METHODS: Aqueous salt-solutions containing Cr(VI) as CrO4(2-) at ppm level (4-6 ppm) were prepared. Equal volumes (5 ml) of aqueous and organic (2-PrOH) phases were mixed in a 10 ml centrifuge tube for 15 min, centrifuged and separated. Concentrations of Cr(VI), in both the aqueous and organic phases, were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The effects of salt and acid concentrations, and phase-contact time on the extraction of Cr(VI) were investigated. In addition, the extraction of Cr(VI) was assessed in the presence of tetramethylammonium chloride (TMAC) in 2-PrOH phase. Effects of some other metals, (Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II)), on the extraction of Cr(VI) were also investigated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The Cr(VI) at ppm level was extracted quantitatively by salting-out the homogeneous system of water and 2-propanol(2-PrOH) using chloride salts, namely CaCl2 or NaCl, under acidic chloride media. The extracted chemical species of Cr(VI) was confirmed to be the CrO3Cl-. The ion-pair complex extracted into the organic phase was rationalized as the solvated ion-pair complex of [2-PrOH2+, CrO3Cl-]. The complex was no longer stable. It implied the reaction between extracted species. Studies revealed that salts and acid directly participated in the formation of the above complex. Use of extracting agents (TMAC) didn't show any significant effect on the extraction of Cr(VI) under high salting-out conditions. There is no significant interference effect on the extraction of Cr(VI) by the presence of other metals. The Cr(VI) in the organic phase was back-extracted using an aqueous ammonia solution (1.6 mol dm(-3)) containing 3 mol dm(-3) NaCl. The extraction mechanism of Cr(VI) is also discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Salting-out of homogeneous mixed solvent of 2-propanol can be employed to extract Cr(VI) quantitatively, as an ion-pair of [2-PrOH2+ * CrO3Cl-] solvated by 2-PrOH molecules. Then, the complex becomes 'solvent-like' and is readily separated into the organic phase. The increase of Cl- ion concentration in the aqueous phase favors the extraction. The 2-PrOH, salts and acid play important roles in the extraction process. There is no need to use an extracting agent at a high salting-out condition. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES: Chromium(VI) must be quickly removed before it enters into the natural cycle. As the 2-PrOH is water-miscible in any proportion, ion-pairing between 2-PrOH2+ and CrO3Cl- becomes very fast. As a result, Cr(VI) can easily be extracted. Therefore, the method is recommended as a simple, rapid and adaptable method to quickly separate Cr(VI) from aqueous samples.     

进水底物浓度对蔗糖废水产酸合成PHA影响研究

混合菌群合成生物可降解塑料(PHA)成为目前研究的热点,三段式PHA合成工艺(水解产酸、产PHA菌富集、PHA合成)被广泛应用.在三段式工艺中,产PHA菌的富集非常关键,只有稳定产生PHA菌才能保障PHA合成的产量.针对产PHA菌富集系统容易出现污泥膨胀的问题,本研究考察了进水底物浓度对产PHA菌富集效率及运行稳定性的影响.在560mg·L-1、1 120 mg·L-1、1 680 mg·L-1这3组不同进水底物浓度的对比实验中,证实了COD 1 120 mg·L-1条件下富集反应器能够在较短污泥龄下稳定富集具有较高污泥浓度的高效产PHA菌,且不会发生污泥膨胀.在94 d的富集期后其批次实验最大PHA含量、PHA转化率(COD/COD)及PHA比合成速率能分别达到50%、0.714 5及0.191 2 mg·(mg·h)-1.研究还同时证实细胞内糖原水平高低与其PHA合成能力密切相关,可采用其作为富集效果的重要检测指标之一.     

3,4-二氯苯胺与取代芳烃联合毒性的定量构效关系研究

采用细菌生长抑制实验测定了取代芳烃及其混合物对长江水中混合细菌的急性毒性,得到17种单一化合物的半数抑制浓度(IC50)及22组混合物的半数抑制浓度(IC50mix).采用毒性单位法和混合毒性指数法对联合毒性效应进行了定性评价,3,4-二氯苯胺与胺类化合物的联合效应以简单相加或部分相加作用为主,而3,4-二氯苯胺与酚类化合物的联合效应则多表现为协同作用.以化合物的辛醇/水分配系数(lgP)和分子最低空轨道能(ELUMO)为结构描述符,分别建立了单一毒性和联合毒性的定量构效关系(QSAR)模型.所得模型对极性麻醉型化合物和反应性化合物的毒性都具有较强的预测能力,不仅能预测3,4-二氯苯胺与取代芳烃不同配比的二元混合物的联合毒性,也能预测三元和四元混合物的联合毒性.     

A transportation network assessment tool for hazardous material cargo routing: Weighing exposure health risks,proximity to vulnerable areas,delay costs and trucking expenses

The inherent risks associated with accidental releases of hazardous materials during transport have drawn attention and concerns in the recent decades. The aim of this study is to propose a tool for evaluation and comparison of the transportation networks which can be used to assess the routing options between origins and destinations of the cargos for their suitability for transporting hazardous material cargos by tanker trucks and to identify routes which provide lower accidental release risks, lower public exposure risks, and offer economical benefits. Each route segment of transportation networks were evaluated using specific criteria which included health risk and cost of delay in case of an accidental release of materials, trucking cost and proximity to vulnerable areas. Since, the health impact of hazardous materials differ depending on the characteristics of the material being transported as well as release quantities and atmospheric conditions; this paper aimed in providing a tool that can be used to estimate the impact radius (for health risks) after accidental release of hazardous materials by taking into account different atmospheric conditions based on the meteorological data and solar elevation angle. The Gaussian air dispersion model paired with ArcGIS using Python programming were employed to estimate the health risk impact zones by considering the meteorological data, and accordingly to analyze road segments for cost impacts (delay and trucking costs), and the proximity to vulnerable areas. The route assessment tool was demonstrated with a case study. The results of this study can efficiently aid decision makers for transportation of hazardous materials.