不同萃取方法对长江口边滩多环芳烃萃取效果的影响

选取索氏提取法和加速溶剂萃取仪(ASE)提取法,对长江口边滩样品进行多环芳烃萃取实验,并利用气相色谱/质谱仪对萃取出来的多环芳烃进行定量分析,研究了不同萃取方法以及不同溶剂条件下多环芳烃的总量、分布特征.结果表明,长江口边滩多环芳烃最高值出现在吴淞口;索氏提取法在多环芳烃萃取效果上优于加速溶剂萃取仪提取法;混合溶剂萃取...     

Biodegradation of 2,6-ditert-butylphenol by immobilized microorganism strains

2,6-Ditert-butylphenol （2,6-DTBP） is a major organic contaminant presenting in acrylic fiber manufacturing wastewaters. This compound is of high bio-resistance due to its complex structure which consists of one phenol group and two highly branched tert-butyl groups. This research attempted to improve the biodegradation efficiency of 2,6-DTBP through various strain immobilization methods. The stratified immobilization can settle oxygen transmission in the single microorganism immobilization, and can realize two-process reaction in the single device by choosing two symbiotic microorganisms. Two effective strains, named F-1-4 and F-3-4, which were screened out in our previous work, were used to degrade 2,6-DTBP after being immobilized in calcium alginate gel. Results indicate that the substrate removal efficiency of various immobilization methods follows the order： stratified 〉 single F-3-4 〉 mixed ≈single F-1-4. The immobilized biodegradation capacity was higher than the free one. After an incubation time of 12 d, 91% of 2,6-DTBP could be degraded by the stratified immobilization method, compared to 79% achieved by the mixed immobilization method with an initial 2,6-DTBP concentration of 100 mg/L. The stratified immobilization satisfies the oxygen demand nature of the aerobic F-3-4 and the facultative F-1-4, thus yielding the highest degradation efficiency. Both the outer layer strain F-3-4 and the inner layer strain F-1-4 can grow actively on the substrate of 2,6-DTBP, as illustrated by SEM images. This study shows that the highly bio-refractory compound, 2,6-DTBP, can be effectively degraded using appropriately inunobilized microorganism strains.     

混合金属粉尘爆炸最小点火能量影响因素研究*

为探究混合金属粉尘爆炸危险性及与单一粉体爆炸特性差异,确保车间安全生产,采用粉尘云点火能量测试系统对车间混合金属粉尘及铝粉最小点火能量在不同影响因素下的变化规律及2种粉尘火焰变化特征进行测试。研究结果表明:混合金属粉尘和铝粉最小点火能量在一定范围内（38~96 μm）与粒径呈正相关性,当混合金属粉尘粒径大于75 μm时,所需最小点火能量大于1 000 mJ,其爆炸敏感性迅速降低,此时铝粉仍有较强爆炸敏感性;2种粉尘最小点火能量随质量浓度增加呈先降低后升高的趋势,最小点火能分别为295,15 mJ,对应的敏感质量浓度为600,1 000 g/m3,混合金属粉尘在质量浓度为500~700 g/m3时具有较大爆炸危险性;同铝粉相比,混合金属粉尘点火能量更高、火焰燃烧时间更短、火焰高度更低、爆炸剧烈程度更弱。     

Catalytic oxidation of o-chlorophenol over Co2XAl (X= Co,Mg, Ca,Ni) hydrotalcite-derived mixed oxide catalysts

• Superior catalytic activity observed for o-chlorophenol oxidation on Co₂MgAlO. • The reducibility, oxygen species and basicity influenced catalytic activity. • The organic by-products were generated in o-chlorophenol catalytic oxidation. A cobalt-based hydrotalcite-like compound was prepared using a constant-pH coprecipitation method. Cobalt-transition metal oxides (Co₂XAlO, X= Co, Mg, Ca and Ni) were investigated for the deep catalytic oxidation of o-chlorophenol as a typical heteroatom contaminant containing chlorine atoms. The partial substitution of Co by Mg, Ca or Ni in the mixed oxide can promote the catalytic oxidation of o-chlorophenol. The Co₂MgAlO catalyst presented the best catalytic activity, and could maintain 90% o-chlorophenol conversion at 167.1°C, compared only 27% conversion for the Co₃AlO catalyst. The results demonstrated that the high activity could be attributed to its increased low-temperature reducibility, rich active oxygen species and excellent oxygen mobility. In the existence of acid and base sites, catalysts with strong basicity also showed preferred activity. The organic by-products generated during the o-chlorophenol catalytic oxidation over Co₂MgAlO catalyst included carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, 2,4-dichlorophenol, and 2,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinon, et al. This work provides a facile method for the preparation of Co-based composite oxide catalysts, which represent promising candidates for typical chlorinated and oxygenated volatile organic compounds.     

一种新型的灾害救助撤离路线分析方法——基于混合空间数据的研究

灾害应急响应业务常面临数据不完备、应急措施适时性强等问题,要求所实现的应急响应方法灵活程度高,易于操作。以灾害救助撤离路线分析为例,探讨了如何通过混合数据的使用达到降低数据准备难度的目的,通过栅格空间分析的使用达到简化分析过程的目的,通过模型的设计实现达到方便业务功能集成更新的目的。设计并实现了路线分析的技术流程;基于重用思想定义业务模型,应用组件对象模型技术对路线分析方法进行了封装。所实现的业务模型证实了技术流程的有效性,具有较高运行效率。     

蒽醌染料及中间体脱色优势菌的特性研究和基因定位

本文对分离到的两株蒽醌染料脱色优势菌的脱色能力及其基因定位进行了研究,结果表明,ＮＤ１,ＮＤ２均能有效脱除活性艳蓝ＫＮ－Ｒ及溴氨酸的色度;两株优势菌均含有质粒,其降解染料的能力是由质粒控制的;并考察了不同碳源、氧、温度、ｐＨ值等理化因素对菌株降解染料的影响。     

限定性固体混合发酵菜籽饼脱毒的研究

从市售蔬菜乳酸发酵产品中分离、筛选出一组菜籽饼高效脱毒菌株：酵母菌 Ｙ１２ 和乳酸杆菌 Ｌ３１４１ ．经过正交试验选择出该两分离株混合发酵菜籽饼脱毒的最佳条件,以此建立了限定性固体混合发酵菜籽饼脱毒的工艺．结果表明：在加水量 ｗ ＝ ８０ ％ ,加糖量 ｗ ＝ １ ％ ,自然ｐ Ｈ 值和３０ ℃条件下,接种（ ｗ）１０ ％ 液体菌种（ Ｙ１２ ： Ｌ３１４１ ＝ ０ ．５ ：１） 厌气发酵４ ｄ ,菜籽饼硫葡萄糖苷脱毒率可达９１ ．３０ ％ 以上．经过化验分析,脱毒后菜籽饼粗蛋白质和氨基酸总含量分别比 Ｃ Ｋ 提高３ ．９ ％ 和５ ．６ ％ ．小白鼠急性毒性试验表明小白鼠无中毒症状反应     

中国东南亚热带小流域混合农业区水文过程的实验研究(简报)

1ScopeIn the Sun Jia Catchment several gauging in-stallations are carefully put up to elucidate the hy-drology and the matter fluxes through the catch-ment.At present,it is already possible to quantifydistinct spatial differences in principal water flu-xes.The setup bears the potential to further deep-en the understanding of the small scale processesinvolved in lateral water fluxes and soil erosion.Multi-point monitoring of soil water potentials atvarious soil depths together with hydrograph…     

流动体系下黄铁矿-方铅矿原电池反应实验研究

采用三电极体系,在流动溶液下,改变溶液组分浓度和流速,对黄铁矿和方铅矿组成的原电池腐蚀电流密度和混合电位进行研究,结果表明:Na+离子对原电池反应无明显影响,Fe3+离子能明显加快原电池的腐蚀速度,并且Fe3+浓度越大腐蚀速度越快;溶液流速越大原电池腐蚀速度越快。实验结果对矿山环境污染治理有指导意义。结合混合电位理论和Butler-Volmer方程从理论上对实验结果进行了解释。     

不同混交类型对毛竹林土壤有机碳和土壤呼吸的影响

为了解不同混交类型对毛竹林土壤有机碳含量和组成以及土壤呼吸的影响,为武夷山地区毛竹林土壤环境改善和可持续生产经营积累实验数据,以武夷山地区毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis J.Houz.)纯林、毛竹-阔叶树混交林、毛竹-油茶(Camellia oleifera Abel.)混交林、毛竹-杉木[Cunnin...