Comparing results of cultured and uncultured biological methods used in biological phosphorus removal

Increasing attention has been paid to phosphate-accumulating organisms(PAOs)for their important role in biological phosphorus removal.In this study,microbial communities of PAOs cultivated under different carbon sources(sewage,glucose,and sodium acetate) were investigated and compared through culture-dependent and culture-independent methods,respectively.The results obtained using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE)of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rDNA fragments revealed that the diversity of bacteria in a sewage-fed reactor(1#)was much higher than in a glucose-fed one(2#)and a sodium acetate-fed one(3#);there were common PAOs in three reactors fed by different carbon sources.Five strains were separated from three systems by using a phosphate- rich medium;they were from common bacteria isolated and three isolates could not be found in DGGE profile at all.Two isolates had good phosphorus removal ability.When the microbial diversity was studied,the molecular biological method was better than the culture-dependent one.When phosphorus removal characteristics were investigated,culture-dependent approach was more effective. Thus a combination of two methods is necessary to have a comprehensive view of PAOs.     

不同磷条件下接种配比对两种淡水藻生长的影响

研究了不同磷浓度条件下铜锈微囊藻和斜生栅藻在单独培养和按不同接种密度比混合培养时的生长状况,分别计算了各培养条件下两种藻的磷吸收半饱和常数。结果表明：在试验所设置的磷浓度范围内,两种藻增长速率均随着磷浓度的升高而增大,但是磷浓度变化对铜锈微囊藻的影响较栅藻小。在磷浓度低于100 μg/L时,1〖DK〗∶1共培养体系中微囊藻的增长速率大于栅藻,而磷浓度大于100 μg/L时,结论相反。接种密度比对两种藻的最大密度和增长率均有影响,微囊藻的增长率随着接种密度比减少而增大,栅藻则相反。铜锈微囊藻在10〖DK〗∶1共培养体系中增长最慢,栅藻则在10〖DK〗∶1共培养时增长最快。微囊藻半饱和常数随着在接种密度中所占份额的减少而减小,最小为1035 μg/L,栅藻则没有显示明显规律,在1〖DK〗∶10共培养体系中磷饱和常数最小,为1982 μg/L。无论在哪种培养体系中,铜锈微囊藻的磷吸收半饱和常数均小于斜生栅藻,表明微囊藻对磷营养盐更具亲和性,营养盐浓度较低的环境下微囊藻更易在竞争中获胜。     

废混油钻井液资源化利用技术研究

废钻井液是钻井作业中主要污染源之一,其中含有重金属、碱、盐、油、有机物等多种污染物质,特别是废混油钻井液,油含量更高,是较难解决的问题之一,也是制约油田企业环境质量提高和可持续发展的一大难题。以废钻井液处理为代表的资源化利用技术可有效治理井场废物,将处理后的废钻井液直接用来做井场围堰和平整地面的材料,既可有效地利用废物,消除污染源,又可缓解因污染引起的工农矛盾,减少由钻井开发引发的污染赔款,实现社会效益、经济效益和环境效益的统一。     

活动式大罐收气装置及油气混输新工艺的应用

为了解决东营地区油罐每天都向大气排放工业废气，对环境造成污染的问题，研制了“活动式大罐收气装置”新工艺，用于回收联合站储油罐挥发气。该装置通过玻璃钢管线与油罐连接，油罐挥发气沿玻璃钢管线输至机房内气液分离器，分离出气中的水和轻质油，由天然气压缩机加压，经流量计计量后进入油田天然气气管网。该工艺推广后，经监测结果表明，所有采样点总烃含量低于国家标准２．０ｍｇ／ｍ３。目前全油田３０个联合站安装了此设施，每年回收天然气５１２５万ｍ３，轻质油７０００ｔ。     

基于缓释固体碳源的好氧反硝化复合菌NF21+FX32脱氮特性研究

从活性污泥中筛选两株好氧反硝化菌NF21和FX32,由16S r DNA基因序列分析,确定NF21为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),FX32为氏菌属(Bosea).以复合菌NF21+FX32为对象,通过测定菌株的生长状况和脱氮特性,研究了缓释固体碳源聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)、聚己内酯(PCL)和聚乳酸(PLA)对复合菌脱氮性能的影响.结果表明：PBS具有良好的释碳能力,60 h内的COD平均释放速率可达0.98 mg·L^-1·h^-1;复合菌NF21+FX32均可用缓释固体碳源PBS、PCL和PLA降解废水中的NO₃^--N,其中以PBS为缓释固体碳源时对NO₃^--N的去除效果最好,去除率大于85%;NF21+FX32混合培养对废水中NO₃^--N去除具有协同作用,脱氮效果好于单菌株;以PBS为缓释固体碳源时,复合菌NF21+FX32更适宜于低浓度NO₃^--N废水脱氮...