分层异重流对香溪河浮游植物叶绿素a空间分布的影响

基于三峡水库香溪河库湾汛期（2017年8月4—10日）水动力、气象和藻类漂移监测数据,运用数理统计方法,分析汛期香溪河浮游植物叶绿素a（Chla）浓度空间分布特征及其影响因素,探究分层异重流背景下藻类的水平输移和垂向掺混作用过程。结果表明：1)汛期香溪河库湾水动力具有明显的分层异重流特性,监测期间雷诺数均大于4 000,水体呈现紊流状态,对藻类的运动输移产生水平输运和垂向掺混2种影响。2)表层藻类水平漂移速度受到风速和水流流速的影响,响应关系式为V_藻=0.035V_风+0.461V_水+0.034 (R²=0.917,P<0.01)。3)分层异重流对高浓度藻细胞库湾原水的稀释作用和环流对高浓度藻细胞的携带作用,导致水柱Chla总浓度呈直线下降趋势,此时干流水体从中上层倒灌进库湾,上游来水以底部顺坡异重流方式流向河口,在中上游相遇形成环流,在库湾中部倒灌水体一分为二,分别从底部和表层输出库湾,Chla浓度分布特征为表层>底层>中层;当倒灌水体与库湾原水形成环流并从底部输出库湾时,Chla浓度分布特征为表层>中层>底层或者中层>底层>表层。因此,Chla浓度的水平分布主要受到风速和异重流的水平流速的影响,而垂向分布受到异重流所形成的水体循环模式的影响。     

Molecular composition of recycled organic wastes,as determined by solid-state 13C NMR and elemental analyses

Using solid state ¹³C NMR data and elemental composition in a molecular mixing model, we estimated the molecular components of the organic matter in 16 recycled organic (RO) wastes representative of the major materials generated in the Sydney basin area. Close correspondence was found between the measured NMR signal intensities and those predicted by the model for all RO wastes except for poultry manure char. Molecular nature of the organic matter differed widely between the RO wastes. As a proportion of organic C, carbohydrate C ranged from 0.07 to 0.63, protein C from <0.01 to 0.66, lignin C from <0.01 to 0.31, aliphatic C from 0.09 to 0.73, carbonyl C from 0.02 to 0.23, and char C from 0 to 0.45. This method is considered preferable to techniques involving imprecise extraction methods for RO wastes. Molecular composition data has great potential as a predictor of RO waste soil carbon and nutrient outcomes.     

京津冀地区生境质量与景观格局演变及关联性

以京津冀地区为研究区,基于InVEST生态评估模型、Fragstats景观格局指数测算平台,运用网格分析法,评估了2000～2018年京津冀地区生境质量与景观格局演变;利用空间自相关理论,分析了二者空间关联性及其时序演变特征.结果表明:京津冀地区生境质量整体呈现出“东南低、西北高”的空间分布特征;2000～2018年京...     

上海市青浦区景观格局的粒度效应分析

以上海市青浦区为研究区域，基于ETM遥感影像数据和GIS技术，采用优势规则栅格聚合方法，对分类的ETM数据进行了粒度变换。以景观格局分析程序Fragstats3．3为分析工具，从景观类型水平和景观水平上研究了景观格局的空间粒度效应。研究结果表明：（1）不同的景观类型、不同的景观特征指数对粒度响应存在差异：居住景观和道路景观是对粒度响应最敏感的两种景观类型；形状指数、聚集度指数、斑块数量指数对粒度响应的敏感程度较高，多样性指数、均匀度指数、景观面积比例指数、分维数对粒度响应的敏感程度较低；此外，还发现优势景观随着粒度增加面积增大，形状规则的景观对粒度响应敏感程度低。（2）景观指数的粒度响应曲线存在尺度转折点，且多出现在40、60、80、120m，其中第一尺度区域多为20～40m或20～60m。第一尺度域是选择适宜粒度的较好取值范围，所以本研究中所用景观类型图进行景观指数计算的适宜粒度范围为30-40m。（3）研究发现由不同指数表征相同的生态现象可能会出现相反的粒度效应，在一定程度上体现了景观指数量化景观格局的局限性。     

Relating meteorological variables and trends in motor vehicle emissions to monthly urban carbon monoxide concentrations

A model which quantifies the relationship between the monthly time series for CO emissions, the monthly time series in ambient CO concentration, and meteorologically driven dispersion was developed. Fifteen cities representing a wide range of geographical and climatic conditions were selected. An eight-year time series (1984–1991 inclusive) of monthly averaged data were examined in each city. A new method of handling missing ambient concentration values which is designed to calculate city-wide average concentrations that follow the trend seen at individual monitor sites is presented. This method is general and can be used in other applications involving missing data. The model uses emissions estimates along with two meteorological variables (wind speed and mixing height) to estimate monthly averages of ambient air pollution concentrations. The model is shown to have a wide range of applicability; it works equally well for a wide range of cities that have very different temporal CO distributions. The model is suited for assessing long-term trends in ambient air pollutants and can also be used for estimating seasonal variations in concentration, estimation of trends in emissions, and for filling in gaps in the ambient concentration record.     

应用模式识别法研究芳腈化合物结构与活性的关系

基于２３个芳腈衍生物对发光菌的毒性疚和一批结构参数，用模式识别法研究了结构与活性的关系。在化合物的生物活性类别与模式特征之间建立的３个类别判别函数对化合物活性类别的判别正确率达９１．３％，并为进一步的研究工作合理地挑选了４个代表性化合物。     

江西红山隐爆角砾岩-斑岩型铜矿床的成因

红山铜矿成矿流体δD在－52.7‰～-87.8‰,δ18OH2O在＋1‰～＋6‰，δ34SH2S在0～2.5‰之间。矿石钻同位素表明错主要来自岩浆岩，两阶段模式计算出第一阶段（Th／U）比值为4．21，第二阶段为3．82＝0．22。[CuCl2]是氨基络合物迁移的主要形式（α＝75％），少量以[CuCl3]2形式搬迁（α＝25％）。强调压力在隐爆角砾岩化发生前后的变化对成矿意义影响尤大。厘定了主成矿年龄在97.1～98．8Ma，最后提出了隐爆角砾岩－斑岩铜矿成岩成矿模式。     

影响静电收尘效率的紊流掺混系数的研究

根据紊流传质原理，在Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｃｋｅｓ和Ｓｈａｕｇｈｎｅｓｓｙ方程的基础上从理论上定量地分析了紊流掺混系数以及对静电收尘效率的影响。该分析结果不仅反应了Ｓｅｌｆ和Ｇ等人的观测结果，而且与Ｒｉｅｈｌｅ等人所做的小型电除尘器的除尘效率测试结果基本一致。     

川西前陆盆地流体的跨层流动

本文讨论了川西前陆盆地气田区上三叠统和侏罗系地层水K+ +Na+ 、Ca2 + 、Mg2 + 、Br-与Cl-离子、矿物 (胶结物和充填物 )碳氧同位素和水的氢氧同位素成分组成以及相互关系。气田区上三叠统流体来源以地层海陆相沉积物质为主 ,并与渗流水混合 ,形成“下部流体”。有气藏的侏罗系内流体 (称“上部流体”)与“下部流体”的水化学和同位素组成相近 ,且具有同一演化趋势 ,表明它来源于下部流体并与侏罗系层内的渗流水发生过混合作用。本文提出该气田流体具跨层流动、二次混合演化特征 ,认为大规模的流体对流混合促进了上三叠统内天然气的运移聚积 ,在三叠系内有利构造圈闭中形成原生或残留气藏并向上运移 ,在侏罗系内有利圈闭中形成“次生”气藏。     

Soil seed bank and seedling populations of Hordeum murinum and Cardaria draba in saffron fields

Geostatistical techniques were used to characterize the spatial relationship between Hordeum murinum and Cardaria draba seedling and soil seed bank over the entire growing season of 2004–2005 in three saffron (Crocus sativus) fields, located in Southern Khorasan (33°N latitude, 57°E longitude), Iran. The maps of H. murinum seed bank density corresponded moderately to those seedling density in a and strongly to those in b and c fields. The emergence percentage of C. draba was higher than for H. murinum in all fields. Semivariograms showed spatial autocorrelation in seed bank and seedling populations of H. murinum and C. draba in all fields. Grey-scale field maps of C. draba seed banks corresponded visually to maps of seedling populations and could have been used to target control efforts, but visual correspondence between H. murinum seed bank and seedling maps was poor.