不同嫁接方式对黄瓜嫁接苗成活及生长特性的影响

研究了不同嫁接方式对黄瓜嫁接苗成活率、生物学性状及其植株抗病性的影响．结果表明：以湘园三号黄瓜作为接穗，黑籽南瓜作为砧木，采用靠接、顶插、劈切、芽接四种嫁接方式，其嫁接苗成活率分别为100．0％、78．4％、92．9％和75．5％；其平均株高、平均真叶数均以靠接苗为大，分别为15．8cm、3．0片；四种嫁接苗的平均株幅无明显差异．以津春二号黄瓜作为接穗，分别以黑籽南瓜和西葫芦作为砧木，均采用靠接方式，其靠接苗成活率分别为99．4％、100．0％，平均株高、平均株幅和真叶数均以前者为大．经嫁接后，黄瓜植株枯萎病发病率明显下降，控制在0-14．0％范围之内；而未经嫁接的津春二号（对照1）、津春三号（对照2）黄瓜植株，病株率分别达到48．0％、36．0％．     

灾后承接非政府组织援助系统工程的综合集成模式——以汶川8.0级地震为例

分析了承接非政府组织(NGO)援助复杂巨系统的框架结构、时空结构、运行结构及整体特性;提出了地震灾后承接援助系统工程的综合集成模式;分别就承接援建集成工程的运作模式和具体实施框架进行了讨论;就援建系统工程、迎建系统工程、应急组织系统工程和保障系统工程等具体实施工程做了细致的阐述。     

Residues,half-life times,dissipation, and safety evaluation of the acaricide fenpyroximate applied on grapes

A validated high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector method for simultaneous determination of the acaricide fenpyroximate on grape was developed. Estimated limit of detection and limit of quantification for fenpyroximate were 0.01 and 0.05 mg kg^?1, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions performed with relative standard deviation were better than 9.3% and 8%, respectively, while recoveries were in the range of 88.5%–100.4%. Residue levels of fenpyroximate in grape samples collected 10 days after field application were below the established maximum residue level values. The dissipation rates of fenpyroximate were described using first-order kinetics and its half-life, were approximately 3.5 days in grape. This study provides basic information for developing regulations to safeguard the use of fenpyroximate in grapes and prevent any potential health concerns for consumers.     

FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SPECIES COMPOSITION IN RIPARIAN PLANT COMMUNITIES1

ABSTRACT: This paper analyzes the spatial patterns of plant species richness observed in 1989 and in 1999 alongside the Adour River (Southwest France), focussing on: (1) upstream‐to‐down‐stream changes, (2) mid‐term changes, and (3) differences in observed patterns among various plant functional groups. The purpose of the research was to analyze how the proportions of invading species and/or ruderal species within riparian corridors can be related to regional environmental settings. About half of native and exotic species were ruderals. However, the proportion of competitors was higher within the native pool. No correlation was found between exotic and native functional groups. The longitudinal distribution of native and exotic ruderal species were correlated together, but they were not correlated with the total species richness. Converse to observations at the local scale in other studies, these patterns seem to be driven more by factors co‐varying with the size of the river and by climatic factors than by hydrological disturbance‐related factors. The role of the various plant groups studied and potential consequences on ecosystem function are discussed in the context of an increasing susceptibility of our ripanan corridors to invasions by nonriparian species. Management perspectives are discussed for the purpose of biodiversity conservation.     

洁净室空气洁净度评价的模糊模式识别方法

洁净室空气洁净程度的高低属于模糊概念,将各评价样本实测指标矩阵转变为相对隶属度矩阵,同时将各标准模式指标标准值矩阵转变为指标准相对隶属度矩阵,以全体样本对于各标准模式间的加权广义距离平方和最小建立目标函数,经构造拉格朗日函数,建立了洁净室空气洁净度评价的模糊模式识别模型。斗净室洁净程度评价是一个多目标评价问题,提出了确定指标权重的主、客观结合法,即先建立求解各指标权重的迭代模型并求出指标权重的初始值,然后根据评价的经验,采用重要性语气算子调整各指标的相对隶属度,对初始值进行调整,归一化后得到合理的指标权重值,经计算实例验证,本建立的模式识别方法物理意义明确,评价结果符合实际。     

美国加州空气质量政府管理模式及对中国的启示

中国城市空气污染呈区域化和恶化趋势,亟需突破当前空气质量管理模式的制约.从管理体制和管理内容两方面对美国空气质量政府管理模式的先进经验进行了分析,并与北京市空气质量管理模式进行了初步比较,得出中国空气质量政府管理模式缺乏外部性的考虑；政府部门内部机构按照行政管理过程划分,导致管理成本偏高；决策机制与执行机制未分离,影响行政效率；对污染源的管理不专业；缺乏信息公开和公众参与等问题.建议成立空气质量管理分局,对固定源实行排污许可证管理,对移动源实行统一综合管理,细化面源的管理,建立空气质量管理信息公开平台.     

Application of Remote Sensing Detection and GIS in Analysis of Vegetation Pattern Dynamics in the Yellow River Delta

Abstract

Regional vegetation pattern dynamics has a great impact on ecosystem and climate change. Remote sensing data and geographical information system (GIS) analysis were widely used in the detection of vegetation pattern dynamics. In this study, the Yellow River Delta was selected as the study area. By using 1986, 1993, 1996, 1999 and 2005 remote sensing data as basic information resource, with the support of GIS, a wetland vegetation spatial information dataset was built up. Through selecting the land-scape metrics such as class area (CA), class percent of landscape (PL), number of patch (NP), largest patch index (LPI) and mean patch size (MPS) etc., the dynamics of vegetation pattern was analyzed. The result showed that the change of vegetation pattern is significant from 1986 to 2005. From 1986–1999, the area of the vegetation, the percent of vegetation, LPI and MPS decreased, the NP increased, the vegetation pattern tends to be fragmental. The decrease in vegetation area may well be explained by the fact of the nature environment evolution (Climate change and decrease in Yellow River runoff) and the increase in the population in the Yellow River Delta. However, from 1999–2005, the area of the vegetation, the percent of vegetation, LPI and MPS increased, while the NP decreased. This trend of restoration may be due to the implementation of water resources regulation for the Yellow River Delta since 1999.     

基于3S技术的庄河市滨海湿地景观格局演变研究

庄河市位于黄海北部沿海地区,自然海岸线长达285km,拥有丰富的滨海湿地资源,对区域经济的发展具有显著的促进作用.以庄河市2000年和2010年的Landsat TM（或ETM）遥感影像获取研究区的滨海湿地斑块图形数据,选用生态意义较明确的景观特征指数,对庄河市滨海湿地的景观格局变化进行研究.研究结果表明,2000-2010年,庄河市滨海湿地总面积不断缩减,由2000年的131252.60hm2减少到2010年的121489.16hm2,减少幅度为7.44％;湿地斑块数不断增加,由2000年的3425块增加到2010年的3563块;湿地景观多样性指数（H）和景观形状指数（LSI）呈增加趋势,分别由2000年的0.6315和14.0分别增加到2010年的0.8554和18.7;景观优势度指数呈下降趋势,由2000年的0.8359下降到2010年的0.7364,表明庄河市滨海湿地的景观破碎化程度越来越严重.     

洪泽湖湖滨带表层沉积物氮、磷、有机质分布及污染评价

洪泽湖作为中国第四大淡水湖泊,是江苏北部地区重要的水源地,同时也是南水北调东线工程的重要调蓄湖泊之一,研究其湖滨带表层沉积物氮、磷、有机质的污染情况对维持洪泽湖水安全和生物多样性具有重要现实意义。基于2020年8月于洪泽湖湖滨带采集的43个表层（0~10 cm）沉积物样品,分析了总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）和有机质（OM）含量的空间分布特征及相关性,并运用综合污染指数法和有机污染指数法评价其污染程度。结果表明,洪泽湖湖滨带表层沉积物TN、TP、OM含量范围分别为232~2 152 ,123~439,0.91~18.65 mg/kg,均值分别为985,276,10.93 mg/kg;空间分布上均表现为东部大堤、成子湖和西部区域的TN、TP、OM含量高于过水通道;Pearson相关性分析显示,表层沉积物中ω(OM)与ω(TN)（r=0.705,P<0.01）、ω(TN)与ω(TP)（r=0.504,P<0.01）呈显著正相关;洪泽湖湖滨带表层沉积物综合污染指数范围为0.45~1.88,平均值为0.93,有机污染指数范围为0.001~0.221,平均值为0.067,2种评价方法均显示洪泽湖湖滨带表层沉积物中TN、TP、OM整体处于清洁—轻度污染状态。     

从清洁生产到循环经济

清洁生产和循环经济是20世纪90年代以来在我国引人注目的两项实践。正确认识、积极推进清洁生产和循环经济,对于转变我国经济增长方式与发展模式、促进可持续发展具有重要意义。在将资源环境要素纳入经济系统内部,转变经济增长方式,促进资源环境和经济结合一体化发展模式的概念意义下,本文从宏观历史层面阐述了我国清洁生产和循环经济的发展过程、必然趋势及其长期曲折、交错推进的过程特征。分析了以废物循环作为循环经济的认识和实践误区,提出了以清洁生产为基础推进产业生态化,结合强化末端管制,以及围绕建立“绿色”市场进行制度创新为基本内容的发展我国循环经济的建议。