南洞庭湖湿地鱼类生境景观变化及其人为驱动

通过实地调查和制图分析,研究1983~2013年南洞庭湖区万子湖湿地和鱼类生境景观变化及其人为驱动,结果表明:湿地洲滩面积由1.410×104 hm2增加到2.135×104 hm2,敞水面面积由1.363×104 hm2减少到0.631×104 hm2;芦苇洲减少,但林地由0.056×104 hm2增加到0.728×104 hm2并扩展到保护区核心区;新增泥围21个、网围10个,引淤、沥水排水设施长度增加了201.71km。人为干扰对景观变化有极大影响,其中引种意大利杨及芦苇改变了地形和群落结构,挤占了自然演替条件下应有的草洲景观空间,使鱼类产卵、索饵的适宜生境减少;泥围作为有害渔法,与网围都处于建设发展阶段,占据了草洲、洼地等鱼类产卵、索饵的适宜生境;引淤渠建设使大面积湖泊快速淤积成洲,将水生生态景观转变为大多数时间干露的以陆相生态景观为主的水陆相生态景观,鱼类生境被压缩,并对南洞庭自然保护区核心区继续发挥促淤作用。     

光质对蛋白核小球藻（Chlorella pyrenoidosa）生长特征及生化组成的影响研究

采用发光二极管(light emitting diode,LED)调制光谱,研究了不同光质(红光、蓝光、白光、红蓝混光8∶1,红蓝混光8∶2,红蓝混光8∶3)对蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)生长特性及生化组成的影响.结果表明,蓝光下蛋白核小球藻生长效果最佳,其接种后培养30 d,光密度为2.4,比生长速率为0.10 d-1,生物量为0.64 g·L-1,而其它光质下光密度、比生长速率和生物量分别在1.0~1.7、0.07~0.10 d-1和0.27~0.38 g·L-1之间,蓝光条件下其光密度、比生长速率和生物量分别约为红光下的2.05倍、1.33倍和2.06倍;红蓝混光有利于蛋白核小球藻叶绿素a和β-胡萝卜素的合成,蓝光可促进叶绿素b的合成,红蓝混光8∶1其叶绿素a和β-胡萝卜素的含量分别为13.5 mg·g-1和5.8 mg·g-1,而蓝光下分别为8.4 mg·g-1和3.6mg·g-1;红蓝混光更有利于蛋白核小球藻单位细胞干重蛋白质和总脂的积累,红蓝8∶3蛋白质含量为489.3 mg·g-1,红蓝8∶1总脂含量为311.2 mg·g-1,而蓝光下蛋白质和总脂含量均较低,分别为400.9 mg·g-1和231.9 mg·g-1.     

茂兰自然保护区景观格局空间变化研究

为促进保护区生态环境和地区社会经济的可持续发展,应用2005、2010年茂兰地区高分辨率影像和1∶5万地形图,基于Arc GIS、FRAGSTATS软件平台,采用移动窗口法、DEM,对茂兰自然保护区景观格局的空间结构及其演化进行研究。结果表明:1)保护区景观格局呈明显的5个团状高值区,中心区域异质性显著;2)从实验区到核心区,SHDI下降65%,ED降幅46.73%,LSI下降49.71%,PD下降40.21%,同时CONTAG上升43.95%,LPI上升达107.01%,景观由实验区团状、均衡、破碎化,向南部农用地随道路的延伸而镶嵌分布的格局转化,其中缓冲区整体空间密度高,异质性强;3)研究区人工景观集中分布在坡度0°~5°之间,自然景观以35°~45°向两侧递减,5°~25°间面积最小,实验区格局演化呈良性,要防止居民点向陡坡地区蔓延;缓冲区与核心区格局演化呈不合理,缓冲区不但要防止居民点向陡坡地区蔓延,还应合理规划道路、还林还草,提高农用地利用效率;核心区毁林开荒现象较为严重,且农用地利用率低;4)造成格局差异的因素主要包括保护区发展的政策导向、特殊的地理形态以及不合理的土地利用。     

城市热岛效应与景观格局相关性研究

城市下垫面的改变和人为热的增加是加剧热岛效应的重要原因,研究城市热岛效应对揭示城市景观的生态过程、城市空间结构的调整都有重要的指导意义,城市热岛效应与景观格局息息相关.遥感、地理信息系统与景观生态学理论共同形成了对大尺度城市空间格局独具特色的研究模式.卫星遥感数据反演法在城市热环境研究中具有举足轻重的地位,它实现了城市热岛效应的动态监测和内部结构分析.城市热岛与景观格局的相关研究往往转化为地表温度与土地覆盖/利用的相关研究,景观格局指数分析法是其重要研究方法,但仍存在界限不清、表现不敏感、生态学意义不明等问题,最后针对此类研究的重点难点提出建议.     

灼烧净水污泥投加方式对磷吸附和磷形态的影响

以灼烧净水污泥为研究对象,探讨在其不同投加方式(混匀和覆盖)下,各底泥对外源磷的吸附效果以及间隙水和底泥中各形态磷的数量分布.结果表明,相比未灼烧净水污泥,灼烧净水污泥对磷的吸附能力显著改善,磷最大吸附量(Smax)提高了43.7%、底泥磷平衡浓度(EPC0)降低69.1%、磷饱和度(DPS)降低54.4%.混匀和覆盖对上覆水中磷消失的贡献率几乎一致,但明显高于对照实验.但如果考虑灼烧净水污泥与上覆水的接触几率,则混匀条件下,单位净水污泥对磷的吸附量为覆盖条件下的2.3倍.覆盖条件下,间隙水(1~2 cm)中溶解性磷酸盐浓度是混匀条件的33.17倍(平均值),这主要源于覆盖导致溶解氧渗透深度明显降低.混匀条件下,外源磷更易形成Ca-P,而覆盖条件下,易释放的NH_4Cl-P和Fe/Al-P占比更多,这暗示了混匀对底泥微环境的改造更有利于外源磷的吸附和内源磷的持留.     

Forecasts of habitat loss and fragmentation due to urban growth are sensitive to source of input data

The conversion of natural habitat to urban settlements is a primary driver of biodiversity loss, and species' persistence is threatened by the extent, location, and spatial pattern of development. Urban growth models are widely used to anticipate future development and to inform conservation management, but the source of spatial input to these models may contribute to uncertainty in their predictions. We compared two sources of historic urban maps, used as input for model calibration, to determine how differences in definition and scale of urban extent affect the resulting spatial predictions from a widely used urban growth model for San Diego County, CA under three conservation scenarios. The results showed that rate, extent, and spatial pattern of predicted urban development, and associated habitat loss, may vary substantially depending on the source of input data, regardless of how much land is excluded from development. Although the datasets we compared both represented urban land, different types of land use/land cover included in the definition of urban land and different minimum mapping units contributed to the discrepancies. Varying temporal resolution of the input datasets also contributed to differences in projected rates of development. Differential predicted impacts to vegetation types illustrate how the choice of spatial input data may lead to different conclusions relative to conservation. Although the study cannot reveal whether one dataset is better than another, modelers should carefully consider that geographical reality can be represented differently, and should carefully choose the definition and scale of their data to fit their research objectives.     

Development pattern and enhancing system of automotive components remanufacturing industry in China

Along with the increasing number of automotive output and End-of-Life vehicles (ELVs) in China, resources shortage and environmental pollution are aggravating, so the tremendous need to reuse automotive components gives birth to the industry. The Chinese government becomes to realize that it is necessary to build a conservation-oriented and environment-friendly harmonious society. As the ultimate form of recycling, remanufacturing will be an effective method to promote the development of Chinese circular economy. The automotive remanufacturing industry in China is just at the preliminary stage, this paper presents some problems before remanufacturing, during remanufacturing and after remanufacturing, and then it points out several barriers, such as restrictive policies and regulations, consumer acceptance, scarcity of technologies, etc. Like many other developed countries, Chinese remanufacturing industry will also experience the primary stage, growth stage and developed stage. while the emphasis of resources input will not be the same. By analyzing the resources input characteristics at different development stages, three development patterns, such as the Government Incenting Pattern, Technology Driving Pattern and Market Leading Pattern, are put forward. At present, the cooperation of the government, industry, universities and research institutes, etc, will jointly construct the enhancing system of automotive components remanufacturing industry in China. Finally, it concludes with a summary and some suggestions in the field.     

呼和浩特城区最大混合层厚度变化特征分析

根据干绝热曲线法求算最大混合层厚度（MMD）的理论,使用呼和浩特市1956年11月至2009年3月逐日的常规气象观测资料,计算并分析了呼和浩特城区最大混合层厚度的时间变化特征。从月平均值的年变化看,12月最低（993m）,5月份最高（2874m）。旬平均值的年变化趋势基本上与月平均值的年变化一致。当呼和浩特地区日平均风...     

福建乡村温泉旅游开发模式研究——以闽侯光明温泉为例

福建省温泉资源丰富,温泉旅游开发是福建省旅游业近阶段焦点之一.开发模式创新是温泉旅游企业赢得市场竞争,实现永续经营的关键.在总结国内外其他学者对温泉旅游开发模式研究的基础上,从发展推动力、资源利用集约程度、温泉与其他产业的对接、温泉主题文化、温泉度假区代系、温泉企业经营管理等六个方面对温泉旅游开发模式进行了系统解构,以闽侯县光明温泉为例,对福建乡村温泉旅游开发模式选择进行了探讨.     

农民工参加工伤保险的影响因素研究——基于政策和企业视角的实证分析

为了解我国农民工参加工伤保险的影响因素,提高农民工工伤保险的参保率,通过对全国9个省市共3 848名农民工的问卷调查,应用Logistic回归模型分析政策的因素和企业的因素对农民工参加工伤保险的影响。结果表明,农民工是否参加工伤保险受到各地工伤保险政策以及农民工所在企业两方面的影响。从政策的角度看,个体工商户参加工伤保险的规定、工伤保险基金的统筹水平以及工伤保险的偿付方式对农民工参加工伤保险有显著影响;从企业的角度看,农民工所在企业是否建有工会、企业所有制对农民工参加工伤保险有显著影响。建议各地进一步明确工伤保险政策中对个体工商户的参保要求,继续提高工伤保险基金的统筹水平,增加农民工领取工伤保险偿付的方式。建议劳动保障部门加强对未建有工会的企业,加强对私企,特别是个体工商户的监察力度。