重大危险源监测预警实用性平台的研究与实践

以正在实施中的"江苏省重大危险源监测预警中心"科技公共服务平台项目为背景,提出江苏省重大危险源监测预警的宏观框架建设构想;根据我国在安全生产领域强化重大危险源监管的总体要求,从深化、完善重大危险源监控体系建设出发,将重大危险源监督管理划分为两大体系,即基于网络化的固定重大危险源监控体系和基于GIS,GPS的移动重大危险源监控体系,以及配套的重大危险源装置检测与预警系统、事故原因鉴证与仿真系统、重大事故隐患整治系统;同时需要有相应的技术基础研究与重大危险源基础数据与重大事故隐患评估整治数据系统作为技术支持。该项研究与实践是落实"科学发展观"、以科学技术来支撑安全生产监管成效的重大举措,必将对江苏省和全国的安全生产事业产生积极影响并具有重大现实意义。     

Measuring neighbourhood air pollution: the case of Seattle's international district

Current US regulatory air quality monitoring networks measure ambient levels of pollutants and cannot capture the effects of mobile sources at the micro-scale. Despite the fact that overall air quality has been getting better, more vulnerable populations (children, the elderly, minorities and the poor) continue to suffer from traffic-related air pollution. As development intensifies in urban areas, more people are exposed to road-related air pollution. However, the only consideration given to air quality, if any, is based on ambient measures. This paper uses an inexpensive, portable Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP) to measure Black Carbon (BC) emissions, a surrogate for diesel fuels emissions, in Seattle's International District. With the aid of a GPS receiver, street-level BC data were geocoded in real space-time. It was found that pollution levels differed substantially across the study area. The results show the need for street-level air pollution monitoring, revisions in current land use and transportation policies, and air quality planning practice.     

移动通信基站后向电磁场分布规律研究

采用实地监测的方法,对成都市肿瘤医院、双流小坝村、商汇大厦、成渝收费站及农机研究院5个基站天线后向场进行测试,分析研究其后向场的分布规律。研究结果表明,基站产生的电磁辐射功率密度与天线的距离呈反比;基站后向场电磁辐射安全防护距离为0．5m,大于此距离的区域,基站产生的电磁辐射功率密度小于《电磁辐射防护规定》及《电磁辐射监测仪器和方法》规定的0．08W／m^2的公众限值。     

道路环境颗粒物浓度空间分布研究

由于交通扬尘和车辆尾气排放,道路环境颗粒物浓度高于城市其它区域,文章应用一种移动监测技术测试区域道路环境中PM10浓度空间分布,并进行了呼市城区道路环境PM10空间分布分析;采用降尘法对呼市城区不同区域30条道路进行监测,分析道路降尘空间分布规律,并对两种方法进行比较。文章给出了呼市城区道路环境PM10浓度的空间分布图...     

非等间隔GM（1，1）模型在液相色谱保留值研究中的应用

本文运用灰色系统理论思想,建立非等间隔ＧＭ（１,１）模型,对色谱中的流动相组成及容量因子的关系进行预测研究,所建立模型能实现对各实验点值进行模拟和合理地预测。     

电脑和手机电磁辐射强度测试及防护对策

测试了电脑显示器和手机工作时电磁辐射强度的大小,总结了它们发射电磁波强度大小的规律,并与国家标准进行了比较,针对电磁波的危害提出了一些防护措施和对策。     

微生物应急监测流动实验室建设方案探讨

微生物应急监测是生态环境应急监测的重要组成部分,流动实验室在开展水质微生物指标应急监测方面存在一定的优势.在详细梳理微生物流动实验室在环境条件、硬件设施、设备物资、监测过程以及实验室管理等方面的各项要求的基础上,以北京市某地废水微生物应急监测为案例,列举了流动实验室在"人、机、料、法、环、测"等方面采取的措施和取得的效...     

Long‐distance flights and high‐risk breeding by nomadic waterbirds on desert salt lakes

Understanding and conserving mobile species presents complex challenges, especially for animals in stochastic or changing environments. Nomadic waterbirds must locate temporary water in arid biomes where rainfall is highly unpredictable in space and time. To achieve this they need to travel over vast spatial scales and time arrival to exploit pulses in food resources. How they achieve this is an enduring mystery.  We investigated these challenges in the colonial‐nesting Banded Stilt (Cladorhynchus leucocephalus), a nomadic shorebird of conservation concern. Hitherto, Banded Stilts were hypothesized to have only 1–2 chances to breed during their long lifetime, when flooding rain fills desert salt lakes, triggering mass‐hatching of brine shrimp. Over 6 years, we satellite tagged 57 individuals, conducted 21 aerial surveys to detect nesting colonies on 14 Australian desert salt lakes, and analyzed 3 decades of Landsat and MODIS satellite imagery to quantify salt‐lake flood frequency and extent. Within days of distant inland rainfall, Banded Stilts flew 1,000–2,000 km to reach flooded salt lakes. On arrival, females laid over half their body weight in eggs. We detected nesting episodes across the species’ range at 7 times the frequency reported during the previous 80 years. Nesting colonies of thousands formed following minor floods, yet most were subsequently abandoned when the water rapidly evaporated prior to egg hatching. Satellite imagery revealed twice as many flood events sufficient for breeding‐colony initiation as recorded colonies, suggesting that nesting at remote sites has been underdetected. Individuals took risk on uncertain breeding opportunities by responding to frequent minor flood events between infrequent extensive flooding, exemplifying the extreme adaptability and trade‐offs of species exploiting unstable environments. The conservation challenges of nest predation by overabundant native gulls and anthropogenic modifications to salt lakes filling frequencies require investigation, as do the physiological and navigational mechanisms that enable such extreme strategies.     

上海春季近地面大气CO_2浓度空间分布特征及其影响因素分析

基于移动监测手段获取上海春季典型样带近地面CO2浓度监测数据,在明确近地面CO2浓度空间分布格局的基础上,分析了城市化水平以及土地利用类型对近地面CO2浓度的影响。结果表明上海市春季近地面CO2浓度空间分布呈现西高东低、北高南低的特征,空间异质性较为明显,市中心比郊区高出55.1μmol/mol(13.3%),存在着明显的城市"CO2"岛现象。城市化水平对于上海市近地面CO2浓度影响较为显著,总体上呈现随城市化水平上升而下降的趋势,距市中心距离每增加1km,CO2浓度下降1.56μmol/mol。上海市近地面CO2浓度与5km范围内下垫面土地利用类型相关性显著,其中近地面CO2浓度与林地以及建设用地覆盖率相关性最高,依次为-0.64和0.63。进一步分析表明近地面CO2浓度与土地利用类型的相关性在高度城市化以及城郊区域较高,在中低城市化水平区域较低。