水环境保护与经济发展决策模型的研究

采用模块化设计思想 ,构建了水环境保护与经济发展的决策模型 ,主要模型有水资源需求模型、水环境容量模型、宏观经济模型、水污染控制模型、经济结构优化模型等。通过对多级模型的求解 ,获得既符合经济发展目标 ,又满足环境保护要求的合理的经济结构和合适的发展速度。从而为水资源保护与经济发展的研究提供可借鉴的思路和方法。     

钢铁企业浅层地下水污染评估与治理研究

搬迁企业原址浅层地下水可能受原生产活动的污染,因此,旧址再利用之前必须进行地下水污染调查分析和环境风险评价,判断是否需要进行地下水修复.采用理化分析对首钢某区域进行了地下水污染调查,采用内梅罗指数法进行研究区地下水环境风险评价,分析污染来源,并提出基于环境风险的地下水污染治理模式及技术经济分析.     

城市降雨径流长期污染负荷模型的探讨

本文以成都市为例,使用修正的STORM模型计算一次标准降雨的径流污染负荷;使用“降雨负荷法”进行城市径流污染年负荷量的估算.文章指出年负荷中非标准降雨冲刷将起着主导作用,仅用标准降雨来估算一个城市的长期污染负荷是不可行的.     

海洋自然环境下舰载武器失效模式分析

目的分析舰载武器在海洋自然环境下的失效模式。方法对舰载武器装备全寿命周期环境剖面进行分析,经过梳理确认与海洋自然环境有关的任务剖面。以提高产品海洋自然环境适应性和可靠性为目标,设计海洋自然环境试验,根据产品实际使用所处的海洋自然环境,确定参试产品投放的位置为远海库内和平台库内。根据产品的组成,确定失效模式分析的对象,给出了失效模式分析的流程。结果基于试验结果,给出了舰载武器在海洋自然环境下的4种失效模式。结论舰载武器在海洋自然环境下的典型失效模式,包括单机壳体表面金属材料生锈、单机产品表面涂漆气泡、活动部件迟钝及接插件表面锈蚀等。     

上海地区近136年气温和降水量变化的多尺度分析

论文主要利用墨西哥帽小波变换和经验模态分解(EMD)等方法对1873-2008年上海地区年平均气温和年降水量序列进行分析。以期认识上海气候在不同尺度下的振荡结构和周期特征。结果表明:上海近136 a来增温趋势明显,特别是在20世纪80年代以后增速超过以往。而40年代的暖期和60年代的冷期构成上海20世纪气温变化的主要特征。城市化的发展对城郊气温变化差异的影响十分显著。上海的年降水量主要是以短时间尺度的振荡为主,其中以40 a左右的波动为主要周期。小波变换的结果表明在长时间尺度上降水将增加,而短时间尺度上则相反。     

Macroscale and microscale analysis of Anammox in anaerobic rotating biological contactor

Inoculated with conventional anaerobic activated sludge, the Anammox process was successfully developed in an anaerobic rotating biological contactor (AnRBC) fed with a low ratio of C/N synthetic wastewater. Operated in a single point feed mode, the AnRBC removed 92.1% (n = 126) of the influent N at the highest surface load of 12 g/(m².day). The biomass increased by 25% and 17.1 g/(m².day) of maximum N removal surface load was achieved by elevating flow rate with another feed point. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that the Anammox genus Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis dominated the community. Both Anammox and denitrifying activity were detected in biofilm by the application of microelectrodes. In the outer layer of the biofilm (0-2500 μupm), nitrite and ammonium consumed simultaneously in a ratio of 1.12/1, revealing the occurrence of Anammox. In the inner layer (> 2500 μupm), a decrease of nitrate was caused by denitrification in the absence of nitrite and ammonium.     

不同控制策略下短程硝化启动及运行工况优化

试验采用SBR反应器处理低C/N生活污水,在温度为(25±0. 5)℃时,分别采用交替缺氧/好氧4次、交替好氧/缺氧5次和交替好氧/缺氧4次,时间比均为30 min∶30 min,NO2--N积累率在69、63和58周期分别达到96. 79%、98. 80%和98. 78%;同样温度下,控制好氧/缺氧时间比分别为30 min∶30 min、40 min∶20 min和30 min∶60 min,单周期交替次数为5、3和5时,NO2--N积累率于63、73及78周期时达到最大,其分别为98. 81%、97. 71%和94. 64%,对应AOB活性分别为96. 30、99. 27及102. 26,对其进行物料衡算,3种好氧/缺氧时间比下均存在同步硝化反硝化,同步硝化反硝化去除总氮分别为29. 89、28. 77及29. 78 mg·L-1.调整温度分别为18、25和30℃,在好氧/缺氧时间比为30 min∶30 min时,在第90、64和61周期时NO2--N积累率分别为99. 58%、99. 21%和95. 93%,污泥活性(f)达到最大所需时间分别为64、40及48周期,且污泥沉降性能均良好.     

有机废水SBR反应器研究进展

本文从SBR反应器的原理及其工艺特征出发 ,讨论了SBR反应器的类型和运行模式。分析认为 ,SBR反应器将在有机废水的处理方面有着广泛的应用 ,预计不久的将来 ,SBR及在其基础上开发的CASS、ICEAS等新工艺在生产中的应用将有所突破     

Persistent organochlorine contaminants in hair samples of Northern Poland population, 1968-2009

The European regulation on chemicals, REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals), came into force on 1 June 2007. With pre-registration complete in 2008, data for these substances may provide an overview of the expected chemical space and its characteristics. In this paper, using various in silico computation tools, we evaluate 48 782 neutral organic compounds from the list to identify hazardous and safe compounds. Two different classification schemes (modified Verhaar and ECOSAR) identified between 17% and 25% of the compounds as expressing only baseline toxicity (narcosis). A smaller portion could be identified as reactive (19%) or specifically acting (2.7%), while the majority were non-assigned (61%). Overall environmental persistence, bioaccumulation and long-range transport potential were evaluated using structure-activity relationships and a multimedia fugacity-based model. A surprisingly high proportion of compounds (20%), mainly aromatic and halogenated, had a very high estimated persistence (>195 d). The proportion of compounds with a very high estimated bioconcentration or bioaccumulation factor (>5000) was substantially less (6.9%). Finally, a list was compiled of those compounds within the applicability domain of the models used, meeting both persistence and bioaccumulation criteria, and with a long-range transport potential comparable to PCB. This list of 68 potential persistent organic pollutants contained many well-known compounds (all halogenated), but notably also five fluorinated compounds that were not included in the EINECS inventory. This study demonstrates the usability of in silico tools for identification of potentially environmentally hazardous chemicals.     

基于HHT的混凝土损伤AE信号分析新方法

介绍了HHT这一非线性、非平稳信号的处理方法。针对混凝土材料损伤所产生的声发射信号复杂的特点,提出了基于HHT的分析混凝土材料中产生的声发射信号的新方法,借此分析了从预应力混凝土梁在三点弯曲载荷下的破坏实验中拾取的实际AE信号,获得了该损伤信号的Hilbert谱。通过与小波分析结果的比较,显示出该方法具有处理精度高、自适应性强的特点,能有效地提取声发射信号中损伤成分的主要特征,为AE信号处理提供了一种新的途径。