工业挥发性有机物排放控制的有效途径研究

挥发性有机物（VOCs）由于易挥发性,其控制途径有别于其他大气污染物.通过对VOCs排放特点的研究,提出了源头控制、有组织排放控制、无组织排放控制和总量控制四类控制途径,并对每类控制途径的控制方式进行了分析比较.     

有机碳源对同时硝化/反硝化(SND)过程的影响

究了同时硝化 反硝化 (SimultaneousNitrificationandDenitrification ,SND)体系中有机碳源对氨氮去除的影响。实验结果表明 ,在氨氮初始浓度为 35mg L时 ,存在使氨氮降解率达到 99 5 %以上的有机碳源浓度区间 ,其CODCr浓度为40 0mg L～ 10 0 0mg L ;为保证反应后期体系中C N维持在微生物所需的水平 ,提出了补料的方式 ,使得氨氮降解不会出现停滞阶段 ,可以达到较好的去除效果 ;在周期为 8h的连续序批式 (SBR)操作中 ,采用较高的有机碳源初始进料值 ,并在反应过程中进行补料 ,可以很好的将出水氨氮的浓度维持在较低值 (<5mg L)     

SBR系统中好氧颗粒污泥脱氮特性研究

以颗粒污泥为研究对象,在序批式反应器中研究了不同运行模式(有厌氧段和无厌氧段两种模式)和不同碳氮比(COD与NH₄⁺-N质量比取6、10、14)下,颗粒污泥对氨氮、总无机氮的去除情况.比较了2种运行模式应用于颗粒污泥脱氮中的差别和优劣.采用分段函数的方法对不同碳氮比下的氨氮去除曲线进行了分割,对曝气第一阶段(碳源富足阶段)和曝气第二阶段(碳源贫乏阶段)的氨氮去除曲线进行了拟合,发现其线性化特征明显.计算了不同碳氮比下曝气前后期氨氮去除速率,并简要分析了好氧颗粒污泥同步硝化反硝化脱氮的作用机理.     

城镇生活垃圾转运技术的探讨

对垃圾转运系统的基本知识做了简要介绍,详细阐述了目前生活垃圾常用的转运模式,介绍了垃圾转运过程中的二次污染及控制技术,分析了现行主要的垃圾转运技术及其发展趋势。     

The application of iron mesh double layer as anode for the electrochemical treatment of Reactive Black 5 dye

In this work a novel anode configuration consisting of an iron mesh double layer is proposed for the electrochemical treatment of wastewater. The removal of Reactive Black 5 dye(RB5) from synthetic contaminated water was used as a model system. At a constant anode surface area, identical process operating parameters and batch process mode, the iron mesh double layer electrode showed better performance compared to the conventional single layer iron mesh. The double layer electrode was characterized by RB5 and chemical oxygen demand(COD) removal efficiency of 98.2% and 97.7%, respectively, kinetic rate constant of 0.0385/min, diffusion coefficient of 4.9 × 10~(-5)cm~2/sec and electrical energy consumption of 20.53 kWh/kgdye removed. In the continuous flow system, the optimum conditions suggested by Response Surface Methodology(RSM) are: initial solution p H of 6.29,current density of 1.6 m A/cm~2, electrolyte dose of 0.15 g/L and flow rate of 11.47 m L/min which resulted in an RB5 removal efficiency of 81.62%.     

基于多准则群体决策模型的生态工业园区建设模式决策研究

将层次分析法和系统聚类法相结合,构建了多准则群体决策模型,对生态工业园区(EIP)建设模式的决策进行了探讨.从影响EIP建设模式决策的建场基本条件、经济效益、环境影响及社会制约因素等出发,建立多准则的层次分析模型,运用系统聚类分析对专家群进行分类,对于人数多的类赋予较大的权重系数,最后计算了综合多数专家意见的群体决策的判断权重,得出EIP建设模式的先后次序.将该法应用于郑州市惠济区的实证分析,9位专家进行群体决策,新建型、改造型、虚拟型EIP的综合权重分别为0.206,0.322和0.472,故惠济区的最佳建设模式是建设虚拟型EIP,该结果符合当地实际情况.该模型可综合专家决策意见,使结果更为可靠,可为其他EIP建设模式的决策问题提供借鉴.      

攀枝花西渣场灌浆胶结炉渣强度的试验研究

针对攀枝花西渣场采用灌浆胶结炉渣加固边坡工程,开展了灌浆胶结炉渣单轴压缩试验和三轴压缩试验,研究了胶结炉渣体的破坏模式、强度特征及其对边坡稳定性的影响.试验结果表明:随着灌浆胶结炉渣中炉渣含量的增加,其内部结构不均匀性更加突出,试验加载过程中压应力区和拉应力区相互交错分布,最终破坏时受劈裂破坏和剪切破坏共同作用,其破坏...     

Aerobic granular sludge formation based on substrate availability: Effects of flow pattern and fermentation pretreatment

• Penetration depth and substrate characters affect AGS formation and performance. • The relationship between substrate gradient and particle size affects AGS stability. • The fermentation process is proposed as a pretreatment to improve AGS stability. The influences of flow patterns (mixed-flow and plug-flow) and fermentation pretreatment on aerobic granular sludge (AGS) formation with various substrate availability levels were investigated by running four identical laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (R1–R4), comparing two anaerobic feeding strategies and three kinds of substrates. R1 achieved faster granulation with a fast influent fill step followed by a modified anaerobic mixed-flow phase, but the AGS showed poorer stability with a cracked structure and a high suspended solids concentration in the effluent. The anaerobic plug-flow feeding mode (with influent fed slowly from the bottom) in R2 provided deeper penetration depth for the substance to reach the core of AGS and accordingly strengthen AGS stability. An acidogenic up-flow sludge bed reactor was introduced as a pretreatment to improve the AGS performance by enhancing glucose pre-fermentation (R4). AGS fed with mixed volatile fatty acids (VFA) after glucose fermentation showed similar performance compared with the reactor fed with acetate in the aspects of stability, structure, size distribution and nitrogen removal efficiency, and 74% similarity in the microbial community. For actual wastewater with low VFA concentrations, fermentation treatment was suggested as a promising pretreatment for stable AGS granulation and operation.     

基于时序MODIS-NDVI的油菜种植面积变化趋势分析——以江汉平原为例

油菜是我国主要油料作物,其种植与监测对于保障食油生产安全具有重要意义。本文以江汉平原作为研究区,利用2002~2014年250 m分辨率的MODIS-NDVI时序数据,采用经验模态分解(EMD)方法,结合地面调查数据以及作物物候数据等辅助数据,获取主要地物覆盖类型的端元信息,然后利用线性光谱混合模型(LSMM)进行混合像元分解,得到油菜种植面积丰度的空间分布。结果表明,EMD方法较好地过滤了时序数据的噪声;经年鉴统计数据验证,油菜提取面积精度达到了92.5%以上,R2大于0.9。油菜种植面积的时空变化结果很好地反映出江汉平原油菜种植面积总体呈增长态势。此外,政策导向和市场价格对油菜种植面积的影响明显。     

高效液相色谱多阀多柱技术同时分析水溶性和脂溶性维生素

采用双三元高效液相色谱多阀多柱技术,对同一样品中水溶性维生素和脂溶性维生素不同方法处理得到的样品进行双进样,可同时分析样品中21种维生素.该方法自动化程度高,各组分保留时间的RSD值均小于0.1%,色谱峰面积的RSD值均小于4.5%(VC除外),各维生素的方法检出限可达0.002—0.223μg.mL-1范围,本方法可用于多种样品的维生素检测和分析工作.