Strategies to improve aerobic granular sludge stability and nitrogen removal based on feeding mode and substrate

A systemic strategy was proposed to improve aerobic granular sludge(AGS)stability and nitrogen(N)removal efficiency by optimizing feeding mode and substrate aiming at complicated wastewater characteristics.Key functional groups at the genus level identified by high-throughput sequencing were evaluated as well.The results showed that anaerobic feeding mode and acetate promoted the compact AGS formation with excellent total nitrogen(TN)removal efficiency(averaging 91.7%±4.1%)at various dissolved oxygen conditions.While the aerobic feeding mode led to a loose AGS structure with a vulnerable anaerobic core and poor TN removal efficiency(averaging58.8%±7.4%).Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process played the dominant role in N removal in compact AGS over the alternating nitrification and denitrification process.High-concentration glucose undermined feast-famine condition with filamentous bacteria growth out of granule and decreased TN removal efficiency to 67.3%±15.2%.Lower food to microorganism ratio may result in a lower N removal rate attributed to the sharply increased biomass concentration fed by glucose.Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,nitrite-oxidizing bacteria,denitrifying bacteria,and denitrifying phosphorus accumulation organisms enriched during AGS granulation also contributed to the efficient N removal.The proposed strategy provided insights into the relationship between various factors and stable AGS formation,and systemic operation methods for various complicated wastewater treatment.     

石化行业在役装置SIL评估

依据IEC61508介绍了SIL评估的相关概念和在役装置的SIL评估过程,结合具体评估实例,阐述了回路安全仪表功能(SIF)的安全完整性等级(SIL)定级、SIL验证及平均失效前时间(MTTF)计算,并对计算结果进行了分析。     

Investigating new risk reduction and mitigation in the oil and gas industry

The complexity of the processes and the nature of volatile petroleum products urged the oil and gas industry to utilize various risk assessment techniques to identify potential failure modes that can interrupt operation processes. Consequently, government agencies and nonprofit professional societies guide the industry with regulatory guidelines, standards, and best recommended practices to oversee the operations management, assure safe working environment, and contain failures within tolerable limits. Yet, accidents due to electro-mechanical failures still occur and result in various consequences. Accordingly, critics have raised concerns about the petroleum industry's safety and risk mitigation credentials and question its ability to prevent future major accidents. Therefore, new risk assessment tools need to be introduced to provide decision makers and novice engineers with a diverse perception of potential risks. The aim of this paper is verify the application of Risk in Early Design (RED), a product risk assessment tool, in identifying potential failures in the oil and gas industry. Approximately thirty major accident underwent the RED analysis to verify the software's application to identify and rank potential failure modes.     

中空玻璃受热破裂行为规律研究

研究了单层玻璃厚度为6mm,两块玻璃间距为6mm的中空玻璃的受热响应规律,分析了向火面和背火面玻璃板的表面温度、玻璃板向火面中心点处的热通量、两块玻璃的破裂时间、裂纹形态以及玻璃脱落情况等。定义玻璃边长区域范围为[-0.5L,0.5L],则玻璃首次起裂点均位于被遮蔽边上,且在[-0.25L,0.25L]的范围内。进一步研究了遮蔽方式对中空玻璃破裂行为的影响,在本实验条件下,四边遮蔽的向火面玻璃最易破裂,且左右垂直遮蔽比上下水平遮蔽情况下脱落程度严重。     

西南喀斯特石漠化治理植物选择与生态适应性

在概述喀斯特生境特征和主要石漠化治理模式的基础上,对石漠化主要治理植物物种进行了统计分析,从干旱、土壤质量、小生境异质性和地形海拔等方面对石漠化治理植物物种的生态适应性研究进了简要评述。结合现有研究基础和国家对西南喀斯特石漠化区主体生态功能的定位,提出了加强石漠化治理特色植物物种选育研究;治理植物物种生境适应性研究;石漠化治理过程中的植被演替规律研究;不同石漠化治理植被恢复模式的适用性与治理综合效益的监测与评价研究等四个主要研究方向。     

UNITANK工艺降低污泥产率操作的可行性研究

随着改善环境的需求和污水处理行业的发展,污水处理产生的污泥的处置已经成为行业急待解决的问题,无论何种方式的污泥处置都极大地增加了企业的运营成本.针对UNITANK工艺分析了工艺运行的操作特点,并根据SBR反应器中进水与曝气方式对活性污泥产率的影响这一实验结论,论述了UNITANK工艺降低污泥产率操作的可行性.通过对UNITANK工艺进水和曝气阶段操作模式的选择确定工艺操作参数,并对生产采取过程控制,降低污泥产率这一目标是可以达到的.     

甘肃地区春冬季颗粒物输送路径及潜在源分析——基于HYSPLIT4模式及TraPSA分析平台

利用HYSPLIT4模式和全球资料同化系统数据,计算了甘肃地区5个站点2017～2018年逐时72h气团后向轨迹;结合各站点颗粒物逐时质量浓度数据,选择颗粒物污染最严重的春冬季,利用轨迹聚类方法分析了甘肃地区后向气流轨迹特征;基于潜在源贡献函数(PSCF)分析法和浓度权重轨迹(CWT)分析法,将各站点分析结果输入Tra...     

气升式内循环蜂窝陶瓷反应器降解2,4-二氯酚的研究

从以2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP)长期驯化的好氧活性污泥中分离出一株以2,4-DCP为唯一碳源的菌种,将这种菌固定在气升式内循环蜂窝陶瓷反应器内,研究了此反应器在半连续流运行时,对2,4-DCP单基质及其与苯酚共基质时对污染物的降解情况及降解动力学.结果表明,2,4-DCP单基质时,反应器对氯酚的去除效果随着实验次数的增加而加快;2,4-DCP与苯酚共基质时,苯酚的降解速率随着半连续流实验次数的增加而加快,而氯酚的降解速率则表现出下降的趋势.此外,还研究了此反应器在连续流运行时对2,4-DCP的降解,水     

The implications of planting mode on cadmium uptake and remobilization in rice: Field experiments across growth stages

•Direct seeding (DS) method led to more distributed Cd in aerial parts of rice. •The Cd content was significantly higher in brown rice with planting mode of DS. •Using DS lessened the Fe plaque covering the root surface in all growth stages. •Transplantation mode should be considered as a priority in Cd-contaminated areas. Global rice production practices have gradually changed from a reliance on transplanting to direct seeding. Yet how this shift may alter cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice is poorly known. Here we conducted field experiments with two rice genotypes cultivars that were planted using three methods: via direct seeding (DS), seedling throwing (ST), and manual transplanting (MT). Rice samples were collected during four growth stages. The formation and distribution of iron plaque were analyzed using DCB (dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate) extractions and observed under micro-XRF (micro X-ray fluorescence). The results revealed that, in each growth stage, DS rice was more apt to harbor Cd distributed in the plant’s aerial parts, and the Cd concentration of brown rice from DS was 21.8%–43.3% significantly higher than those from ST and MT at maturity stage (p<0.05). During the vegetative stages, the Cd uptake percentage was higher in DS than MT rice, and those plants arising from the DS method were capable of absorbing more Cd earlier in their growth and development. Conversely, using DS decreased the amount of iron plaque covering the root surface in every growth stage, especially in the critical period of Cd accumulation, such that the roots’ middle areas were distinguished by a near-complete absence of iron plaque, thus weakening its role as an effective barrier to Cd uptake from soil. Collectively, this study demonstrated that implementing the DS mode of planting will increase Cd’s distribution in the aboveground parts of rice, and heightening the risk of Cd contamination in grain.     

EPC模式下ESCO激励政策设计与实施策略

EPC模式下运行离不开ESCO内在驱动,实施ESCO激励是既有建筑节能改造实践的必然要求。理清既有建筑节能改造ESCO激励政策设计的基本思路,分析ESCO市场发展不同阶段激励政策的实际需求及其演变规律,架构ESCO激励政策体系与实施流程,规划EPC模式下既有建筑节能改造ESCO激励政策实施路径设计与选择过程,提出EPC模式下ESCO激励政策实施有效性提升具体对策,以有效的激励政策调动ESCO积极行为,推动既有建筑节能改造市场健康发展。