改性膨润土和沉水植物联合作用处理沉积物磷

首次将改性膨润土（modified bentonite,MB）作为原位吸附材料与沉水植物苦草（Vallisneria spiralis,V.spiralis）联合处理沉积物磷.研究结果表明,MB可以促进沉水植物V.spiralis的生长, V.spiralis可能通过根系分泌作用促进溶磷或是通过促进根际微生物群落的P代谢活性增加沉积物中的生物可利用性P含量.MB与沉水植物V.spiralis对沉积物P的联合作用效果优于MB和沉水植物V.spiralis单独作用之和.厚度5cm MB和V.spiralis联合作用对沉积物TP,IP,OP,Fe/Al-P和Ca-P的去除率可达59.8%,57.1%,67.8%,66.7%和44.7%.微生物试验结果表明,厚壁菌门Erysipelotrichaceae科的菌属PSB-M-3是联合组相比单一V.spiralis组或单一MB组微生物群落P代谢功能增强的主要贡献者.本研究还首次发现了Erysipelotrichaceae科微生物可作为沉积物中潜在的除磷菌.研究结果表明MB和沉水植物联合控制沉积物磷技术可进一步应用到富营养化湖泊沉积物控制工程.     

7种改性水稻秸秆对溶液中Cd2+的吸附

为实现废弃水稻秸秆资源化利用及其治理水环境中Cd²⁺的污染问题,用KMnO₄、KOH、H₂O₂、KOH+H₂O₂、酒石酸、柠檬酸、TiO₂对水稻秸秆进行改性,制成不同的水稻秸秆吸附剂来吸附溶液中的Cd²⁺,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶红外光谱仪、比表面积及孔径分析仪和Zeta电位仪对改性前后的水稻秸秆进行表征分析,吸附过程采用准一级动力学方程、修正一级动力学方程、准二级动力学方程和颗粒内扩散模型进行拟合.结果表明：在Cd²⁺初始浓度100mg/L,pH7,水稻秸秆添加量为10g/L,25℃条件下,7种改性水稻秸秆吸附Cd²⁺的效果不同,其中经KMnO₄改性的水稻秸秆对Cd²⁺的吸附效果最好,吸附量达10.024mg/g,对Cd²⁺的去除率达到99.24%,比未改性水稻秸秆提高了99.44%,其次是KOH和KOH+H₂O₂改性处理的水稻秸秆,吸附量分别达到了9.302和9.189mg/g,对Cd²⁺的去除率分别达92.62%和90.82%,比未改性水稻秸秆分别提高了85.07%和82.83%.改性处理水稻秸秆吸附Cd²⁺的效果顺序为：KMnO₄ > KOH > KOH+H₂O₂ > TiO₂ > H₂O₂ > 柠檬酸 > 酒石酸.对于Cd²⁺的吸附过程,准一级速率方程只能较好地描述吸附初始阶段,准二级动力学方程则能很好地描述吸附的整个过程.经KMnO₄,KOH和KOH+H₂O₂改性的水稻秸秆是具有潜在利用价值的废水中Cd²⁺吸附剂.     

强化混凝和改性活性炭对二级出水DON的作用机制

探讨强化混凝和改性活性炭对城市污水厂二级出水中溶解性有机氮（DON）作用机制,分析相对分子量以及亲疏水组分变化,并考察氯化消毒副产物生成势变化特征,结合三维荧光（3DEEM）光谱分析手段,对强化混凝和活性炭吸附前后DON组成,化学结构特征进行研究.结果表明：强化混凝可以明显提高DON的去除效果,DON去除率通过pH值强化混凝提高到1.45倍,臭氧强化混凝提高到2.06倍,PAC强化混凝提高到2.09倍,PAM强化混凝提高到1.96倍.活性炭对DON吸附过程更符合准二级动力学模型.DON吸附过程中,酸改性活性炭表面主要是π-π色散力作用机理,而碱改性活性炭表面主要是给电子-受电子复合物形成机制.在强化混凝和活性炭吸附作用下,DON的相对分子量和组分发生较大变化,而消毒副产物的生成势大幅下降.经3DEEM和光谱区域体积积分法（FRI）分析,在强化混凝和活性炭吸附过程中DON及消毒副产物生成潜势与荧光区域Ⅱ和区域Ⅳ所代表物质有关.     

改良型Carrousel氧化沟工艺在重庆某污水处理厂的应用

介绍了重庆某污水处理厂改良型Carrousel氧化沟工艺的构造、原理与主要设计参数,总结了该工艺的低温启动经验。11个月的稳定运行表明,系统在进水BOD5、CODcr、NH3-N、TN和TP浓度分别为67 mg/L～264 mg/L、281 mg/L～902 mg/L、10.1 mg/L～37.8 mg/L、20.4 mg/L～72.7 mg/L和3.1 mg/L～12.3 mg/L条件下,去除率分别达到96.3%～99.1%、90.8%～99.6%、78.2%～99.4%、63.6%～89.9%和80.6%～98.4%,各项出水指标达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 18918-2002）一级B标准。     

A novel aminated polymeric adsorbent for removing refractory dissolved organic matter from landfill leachate treatment plant

Refractory dissolved organic matter (DOM) from landfill leachate treatment plant was with high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content. An aminated polymeric adsorbent NDA-8 with tertiary amino groups and sufficient mesopore was synthesized, which exhibited high adsorption capacity to the DOM (raw water after coagulation). Resin NDA-8 performed better in the uptake of the DOM than resin DAX-8 and A100. Electrostatic attraction was considered as the decisive interaction between the adsorbent and adsorbate. Special attention was paid to the correlation between porous structure and adsorption capacity. The mesopore of NDA-8 played a crucial role during uptake of the DOM. In general, resin in chloride form performed a higher removal rate of DOC. According to the column adsorption test, total adsorption capacity of NDA-8 was calculated to 52.28 mg DOC/mL wet resin. 0.2 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution could regenerate the adsorbent efficiently.     

氧化物修饰电极脱色试验研究

本文对运用电解法对人粪尿二级生化高色度出水进行脱色处理实验过程进行了阐述和分析,从而论证了电极材料、外加电压、电流强度及电解时间等因素对脱色效果的影响。实验结果表明：随着外加电压、电流强度及电解时间的增加,脱色率呈上升趋势,当达到一定数值之后,脱色率趋于平缓。采用IrO2/Ti（钛基表面涂氧化铱,简称＂钛涂铱＂,阳极）＋不锈钢（阴极）电极配置,在20V恒压、1.5 cm极板间距、电解40m in和3.5A恒流、1.5 cm极板间距、电解30m in两种工况下,对500mL处理水进行电解,脱色率均可达到90%以上。     

改性锯末吸附含Cr（Ⅵ）废水的实验研究

初步探讨了以改性后的锯末作为吸附剂去除废水中的Cr（Ⅵ）,实验表明改性锯末对于不同浓度的含Cr（Ⅵ）废水都具有较高的去除率。同时通过实验研究了pH值、吸附时间、吸附剂量、初始浓度等因素对吸附去除率的影响。     

改性淀粉絮凝剂处理含油废水的试验效果

通过将玉米淀粉与氢氧化钠、三氯化铝和无水碳酸钠在恒温磁力搅拌器上搅拌、加热,使得玉米淀粉改性,制得改性淀粉絮凝剂,并研究了改性淀粉絮凝剂对含油废水的处理效果.试验结果显示,在搅拌速度与时间分别为快搅速度200 r/min,快搅时间0.5 min;慢搅速度100 r/min,慢搅时间3 min的情况下,使用改性淀粉絮凝剂处理含油废水时,COD去除率为77.94%、石油类去除率为61.2%、透光率为62.7%、SS去除率为79.96%;最佳反应条件为:投药量为12 mg/L、温度为5~30℃、pH值为6-8.     

Removal of humic acid from aqueous solution by cetylpyridinium bromide modified zeolite

Natural zeolite was modified by loading cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) to create more e cient sites for humic acid (HA) adsorption. The natural and CPB modified zeolites were characterized with X-ray di raction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The e ects of various experimental parameters such as contact time, initial HA concentration, solution pH and coexistent Ca2+, upon HA adsorption onto CPB modified zeolites were evaluated. The results showed that natural zeolite had negligible a nity for HA in aqueous solutions, but CPB modified zeolites exhibited high adsorption e ciency for HA. A higher CPB loading on natural zeolites exhibited a larger HA adsorption capacity. Acidic pH and coexistent Ca2+ were proved to be favorable for HA adsorption onto CPB modified zeolite. The kinetic process was well described by pseudo second-order model. The experimental isotherm data fitted well to Langmuir and Sips models. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of CPB modified zeolite with surfactant bilayer coverage was found to be 92.0 mg/g.     

风浪作用下太湖改性沉积物对藻体絮凝去除效果研究

以壳聚糖改性的太湖原位沉积物为分散介质,应用Y-型再悬浮发生装置,通过定量模拟太湖常见的中等级别风情,研究再悬浮作用下,改性沉积物对蓝藻水华的絮凝去除作用.结果表明,在黏土加入量为0.2　g·L^-1,壳聚糖分别为0.100和0.150　g·L^-1,其蓝藻的去除率分别为93.55%和99.19%;在静止30 min后,壳聚糖加入量为0.15 　g·L^-1时,水体的浊度去除率达到78.60%;静止8 h后,水体的浊度去除率达到93.88%.同时,短期内壳聚糖的加入对水体中PO^3-₄-P有一定的去除作用.初步结果表明,在中风风情下,壳聚糖的加入量为0.15　g·L^-1时,能更有效地去除蓝藻.表明利用壳聚糖改性沉积物来絮凝沉降太湖水华藻体,具有较好的应用前景.对比研究表明,引入水动力强度和水柱高度定量模拟方法,在确定壳聚糖投加量絮凝除藻中,具有明显的方法优势.