黄土深基坑降水诱发的地基附加应力和沉降简化计算

为预测黄土地区深基坑降水导致的地层不均匀沉降,确保坑周建筑物安全,基于弦线模量法、弹性半无限体理论和剪切位移法,将坑周土体以降水曲线为界分为疏干区和饱和区,综合考虑绕渗区内渗流力在水平方向的分量和桩-土界面侧摩阻力对土体的约束作用,推导降水引起地基附加应力和地面沉降的理论计算公式,将理论计算值与工程实际监测数据对比分析。研究结果表明：改进后的计算方法能反应出浸润曲线以下土层所受附加应力的衰减效应;地面沉降受侧摩阻力的约束作用主要局限于1倍的最大水位沉降范围内;弦线模量计算得到的沉降值精度高于规范算法,能够较好地预测黄土地区降水期间坑周地面沉降量。研究结果可为计算类似黄土深基坑潜水层降水诱发地面沉降提供参考。     

Effect of aging level on viscoelastic properties of asphalt binder containing waste polyethylene

Due to inherent advantages, waste polyethylene (generated from domestic sources) has been used as asphalt modifier. This article discusses viscoelastic properties of the polyethylene modified asphalt binder. Several asphalt concrete mixtures were designed by varying polyethylene and asphalt content. Shredded polyethylene incorporated into asphalt concrete by dry mixing process. Using optimised asphalt content (at several polyethylene percentages), mixtures were prepared and compacted. These compacted specimens were aged for different duration in convection oven. Asphalt binder (from aged specimens) was extracted and tested for its viscoelastic properties using dynamic shear rheometer. Comparison of mastercurves indicated increase in complex modulus and decrease in phase angle values with addition of polyethylene at all reduced frequencies. However, the extent of change was highly dependent on frequency, aging duration and polyethylene content. This indicates that the addition of polyethylene provides more resilience to asphalt binder especially with less aging time. Storage modulus mastercurves (at lower frequencies) and relaxation modulus values (at longer time) indicate polyethylene provides additional stiffening to binder. Further, changes in viscous modulus with addition of polyethylene were marginal. Overall results indicate that waste polyethylene improves the properties of asphalt binder over extended loading period when heated for less time during mixing.     

酸性环境下Q2黄土压缩特性试验研究∗

针对酸性污染土物理力学性质恶化的现象,采用室内人工模拟受酸液污染土样的方法,开展土常规试验、压缩试验探究Q2黄土在酸液浸泡时间和酸液浓度双因素作用下,试样孔隙比、含水率等基本物理及压缩系数、压缩模量等指标和压缩e—p曲线的变化规律,以及水-酸耦合作用对黄土压缩性的影响规律。结果表明:浸泡时间一定时,随酸液浓度增大,含水率、孔隙比、压缩系数在逐渐增大,压缩模量在减小。浸泡12 d时,酸液浓度0.1 mol/L增加至3 mol/L,压缩系数a1-2由0.355 MPa-1增大到1.275 MPa-1,压缩模量Es1-2由5.580 MPa减小至1.855 MPa;酸液浓度一定时,随浸泡时间延长,含水率、孔隙比、压缩系数在逐渐增大,压缩模量在减小。酸液浓度3 mol/L时,浸泡时间从1 d至12 d,压缩系数a1-2由0.308 MPa-1增大到1.275 MPa-1,压缩模量Es1-2由6.301 MPa减小至1.855MPa;水-酸耦合作用提高了黄土压缩性,且在充分浸泡条件下,酸液对黄土压缩性的影响远大于水的影响。研究结果可为酸蚀黄土区工程建设提供相关参考。     

长江下游地区新近沉积土动剪切模量比和阻尼比的试验研究

通过对长江下游地区南京、苏州、常州、徐州、泰州、盐城、扬州、无锡、镇江、张家港、连云港、启东、常熟、江阴、宿迁等15个城市的淤泥质粉质粘土、粘土、粉质粘土、粉质粘土与粉砂互层土、粉土、粉细砂和粗砂等七类新近沉积土共计275个原装土样历时3年的自振柱试验研究,给出了长江下游地区七类新近沉积土的动剪切模量比 G/Gmax和阻尼比λ与剪应变幅值γ变化的平均曲线的拟合曲线、包络线及其参数的推荐值。由于未见报道其他研究者对长江下游地区新近沉积土动力参数的系统研究,该研究成果有利于加深对该长江下游地区各类新近沉积土动力特性的认识,并对该地区各类工程建设的工程场地地震安全性评价工作具有一定的借鉴和参考价值,且有利于推动长江下游地区工程场地地震安全性评价工作的开展。     

弹性波法测试火灾后混凝土动弹性模量应用研究

混凝土动弹性模量是混凝土构件在动荷载作用下应力与应变的比值,是混凝土建筑物承受动荷载(包括地震荷载、冲击、爆炸)作用及灾害影响(火灾、酸雨侵蚀等)后,分析结构力学特性的一个重要参数,同时也是评价混凝土耐久性安全性的一个关键指标.该文对比介绍了基于冲击弹性波的动弹性模量测试方法、原理,并给出相关验证实例及对比材料.通过对...     

Mechanical performance of woodfibre–waste plastic composite materials

Plastic products used for packaging are often discarded after a single use resulting in an inexhaustible supply of waste polymeric materials. The stiffness and strength of polymeric materials have been known to improve with the addition of lignocellulosic fibres available in abundance in nature. Hence, composite materials containing natural fibres and waste plastics would result in the reduction of solid wastes and the use of cheap, renewable resources. Composite specimens, consisting of waste plastics obtained from a Kerbside collection (high density polyethylene (HDPE) waste, Janitorial waste, Kerbside waste I and Kerbside waste II) and Pinus radiata woodfibres (medium density fibres (MDF)), have been produced through melt blending and injection moulding. The effects of fibre content, matrix type and interfacial bonding on the tensile and flexural properties of these composite materials have been determined through extensive testing at various conditions. The mechanical properties of these composites at room temperature and humidity depend on the amount of woodfibres, the mechanical properties of the waste plastics used and the presence of a suitable coupling agent. The tensile strengths of MDF/waste plastic composites do not generally change with fibre content except for 40% MDF/HDPE waste and 40% MDF/Kerbside waste II (plus 1% Epolene™) composites, where the tensile strengths increase by about 25% compared to those of the corresponding waste plastics. Flexural strengths of MDF/waste plastic composites increase with the addition of medium density fibres with the exception of MDF/Kerbside waste I composites. The tensile and flexural moduli of MDF/waste plastic composites mostly increase with increasing fibre content.     

坐姿时上肢作业姿势舒适性评价

针对人体呈现坐姿状态时前侧方作业区域的不同,利用人体测量数据在空间划分网格,实现了上肢作业姿势的参数化定义。并设计实验,由12位健康的男被试参加,利用自由模量幅度估计法对定义过的384种作业姿势的舒适性进行了评价和分级。对依据不同被试个数计算出的结果进行比较分析,并与快速上肢评价方法的评价结果进行比对,揭示了结果的可靠性。评价结果可以为操纵装置的工效设计以及作业空间布局提供重要参考,同时为国内的姿势舒适性评价工作提供了可靠的依据。     

Effectiveness of novel and traditional treatments on the performance of incinerator bottom ash waste

Management of natural aggregate resources has become one of the most important challenges in construction, especially for high demand applications such as roads. Incinerator bottom ash (IBA), which is produced from burning domestic waste, has been considered a useful solution to the shortage of natural resources. In this research, IBA was mixed with limestone to produce an acceptable blend for use as a road foundation layer. Novel and traditional additives were adopted to improve the mechanical properties of IBA blends. The study focused on the treatment effect of additives on the mechanical characteristics of IBA blends under monotonic and cyclic triaxial stresses. The investigation evaluated fundamental material properties, including resilient modulus, initial Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio. Two nonlinear empirical models were adopted to depict the experimental resilient modulus results of the IBA blends. An approach has been proposed to predict realistic and representative values of resilient modulus for the material. In addition, a new relationship has been established between Young's modulus, resilient modulus and Poisson's ratio. Triaxial test results revealed that additives are more efficient with the control limestone blend than with the IBA blends. Novel additives, such as enzyme I and silica fume, produced a noticeable improvement in IBA properties in comparison to traditional additives.     

饱和砂土最大动剪切模量的不同试验对比研究

对233个饱和砂土土样室内试验确定的最大动剪切模量和同一位置现场原位试验确定的最大动剪切模量进行了对比研究。结果表明:两者相差很大,室内试验结果基本上小于现场试验结果,埋藏深的土样相差更大;室内试验的最大动剪切模量与深度符合幂函数规律,且与砂土的密实度有关,与砂土的颗粒成分关系不大。通过工程实例,比较了2种试验最大动剪切模量对地震反应分析的影响,得到了室内试验最大动剪切模量与现场剪切波速的统计经验关系式。该经验关系式对工程场地地震反应分析具有一定的参考应用价值。     

静力触探技术在宿迁市枣林医院工程地质勘察中的应用

结合宿迁市枣林医院岩土工程勘查项目,重点阐述了静力触探的成果指标ps 、fs、qc在该地区的地层分层、地基承载力估计、压缩模量估计和天然重度估计方面的应用,与土工试验相对照,结果表明利用静力触探方法得到的工程地质重要参数具有实际意义.