全白土催化剂生产废水的处理

用4种无机絮凝剂和3种有机絮凝剂进行了脱除全白土催化剂生产废水（简称废水）中固体悬浮物（SS）的实验研究。实验结果表明：在废水pH6．8条件下,无机絮凝剂和有机絮凝剂脱除废水中SS的效果均较差,用无机絮凝剂时的SS去除率低于26％,用有机絮凝剂时的SS去除率低于18％;废水pH对SS去除率的影响较大,当调节废水pH为8．0时,无机絮凝剂中硫酸铝脱除废水中的SS效果最好,在硫酸铝加入量为0．02mg／L、沉降时间为2h的最佳操作条件下,SS的去除率可达93％。     

用水解酸化池-膜生物反应器处理活性艳红X-3B废水

采用水解酸化池-膜生物反应器处理含活性艳红X-3B的模拟废水,研究了水力停留时间（HRT）对水解酸化池废水处理效果的影响,考察了水解酸化池-膜生物反应器对废水的处理效果及膜生物反应器中污泥沉降性能对膜污染的影响。实验结果表明：水解酸化池HRT为16h时,废水的可生化性最好,挥发性脂肪酸质量浓度与COD比值为0．5;HRT为17h时,废水脱色率达69％,而COD的去除率受HRT影响较小;膜生物反应器主要起去除废水中COD的作用;水解酸化池-膜生物反应器处理后废水的脱色率和COD去除率分别为83％和97％;膜生物反应器中活性污泥沉降性能的变化直接影响膜污染的速率。     

混凝—催化氧化法处理丁苯橡胶生产废水

以聚合氯化铝（PAC）、阴离子聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）为混凝剂,以H2O2-O3为氧化剂,采用混凝-催化氧化法处理对丁苯橡胶生产废水。考察了混凝剂种类及其加入量、废水pH对混凝处理效果的影响,氧化剂及其加入量、反应时间和废水pH对COD去除率的影响。实验得出的最佳工艺条件：混凝实验,废水pH为7、PAC和PAM加入量为400mg／L和4mg／L;催化氧化实验,废水pH为7～8、H2O2加入量为200mg／L、H2O2与O3的质量比为0．5。处理后,废水COD从860mg／L降至145mg／L,COD去除率达83．1％,出水水质达到国家二级排放标准。     

钢渣吸附-微波降解法处理碱性品红废水

研究了钢渣对碱性品红染料的吸附性能、影响因素以及微波对吸附在钢渣-焦炭上的染料的降解作用。实验表明,在中性条件下,钢渣对碱性品红具有优良的吸附性能,饱和吸附量可达到42．4mg／g。以钢渣处理质量浓度为100mg/L的碱性品红溶液,当固液质量比为1：50、振荡吸附1h后,染料溶液脱色率达97％。实验还表明,焦炭可吸收微波产生高温,用钢渣-焦炭混合物（质量比1：1）吸附染料后,以微波辐照可使物料达到665℃的高温,吸附的染料降解。吸附剂再生后重复使用4次,脱色率都达到95％以上。     

液膜分离技术处理含Cr6+废水的研究

采用液膜分离技术处理Cr^6＋质量浓度为200—1000mg／L的废水,考察了膜溶剂、载体、内水相、外水相、pH、乳水比（乳液与废水的体积比）等因素对处理效果的影响,通过正交实验得出最佳实验条件。结果表明,在膜溶剂为煤油、载体为三辛胺、内水相为氯氧化钠、氢氧化钠质量分数为2％、pn为1、乳水比为1：4的最佳条件下,Cr^6＋的去除率可达98．4％。     

Ultrasound and enzyme assisted biodegradation of distillery wastewater

Irradiation with ultrasound (US) and use of an enzyme (E) as pretreatment techniques were carried out to treat a complex effluent (distillery wastewater). These two techniques have been used alone as well as in combination and the efficacy of these techniques was tested by subjecting the effluent to subsequent aerobic biological oxidation (AO). When used alone, US exposure for 30 min and 2 h yielded the best COD reduction during the aerobic oxidation step (US+AO). For the enzyme when used alone, a pH value of 4.8 (corresponding to the optimum pH of the enzyme), a dose of 50 U and a pretreatment time of 24 h yielded better COD removal efficiency as compared to untreated effluent (aerobic oxidation alone). When used in combination, ultrasound followed by enzymatic pretreatment (US+E+AO) yielded the best COD removal efficiencies during aerobic oxidation as compared to the other combinations tested for the treatment of the distillery wastewater. A 4-fold increase in the initial oxidation rate was observed over the untreated batch for the integrated technique (US+E+AO). On the basis of the variation in the values of the biokinetic parameters it can be concluded that the type of pretreatment scheme affects the subsequent rate of the aerobic oxidation significantly.     

Integrated Risk Framework for Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems

Onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTS) are becoming increasingly important for the treatment and dispersal of effluent in new urbanised developments that are not serviced by centralised wastewater collection and treatment systems. However, the current standards and guidelines adopted by many local authorities for assessing suitable site and soil conditions for OWTS are increasingly coming under scrutiny due to the public health and environmental impacts caused by poorly performing systems, in particular septic tank-soil adsorption systems. In order to achieve sustainable onsite wastewater treatment with minimal impacts on the environment and public health, more appropriate means of assessment are required. This paper highlights an integrated risk based approach for assessing the inherent hazards associated with OWTS in order to manage and mitigate the environmental and public health risks inherent with onsite wastewater treatment. In developing a sound and cohesive integrated risk framework for OWTS, several key issues must be recognised. These include the inclusion of relevant stakeholders throughout framework development, the integration of scientific knowledge, data and analysis with risk assessment and management ideals, and identification of the appropriate performance goals for successful management and mitigation of associated risks. These issues were addressed in the development of the risk framework to provide a generic approach to assessing risk from OWTS. The utilisation of the developed risk framework for achieving more appropriate assessment and management techniques for OWTS is presented in a case study for the Gold Coast region, Queensland State, Australia.     

有机废水资源化技术--发酵产氢

氢作为一种清洁高效的可再生能源日益受到人们的重视.利用有机废水发酵产氢,既保护环境又可获得氢能,是一条符合可持续发展战略的废水资源化途径,极具发展前景.本文介绍了发酵产氢微生物的种类及其产氢机理,对发酵产氢的影响因素进行了分析;总结了有机废水发酵产氢的研究现状,并探讨了今后的研究方向.     

ASBR反应器处理豆制品废水的试验

采用厌氧序批式活性污泥法处理食品加工废水。试验研究了反应器的最佳进水、反应时间比,从而得出最低进水pH值和最少加碱量,同时还研究了反应器在常温和低温下的处理能力,以及pH冲击、搅拌频率、消毒液对反应器的影响。结果表明:最佳进水、反应时间比为2.5h4.5h,此时进水pH值降低到5.0,加碱量大大减少;CODCr去除率随温度的降低而降低,25℃时,CODCr去除率为83.45%,20℃时,CODCr去除率降至73%左右,15℃时,CODCr去除率只有57%左右;本工艺条件下最佳搅拌频率为每小时搅拌10min,反应器对pH冲击具有一定耐受能力,但消毒液对处理效果影响较大且恢复困难。     

污水直接膜过滤用于农灌可行性试验

本试验尝试用膜直接截留污水中对人体健康有害的细菌病毒,而保留水中对作物有益的氮、磷等营养元素,以期实现水、肥双成分资源化。试验结果表明,无论是微滤膜还是超滤膜均对细菌及粪大肠菌有很高的截留率(99.9%～99.999%),污水中有机物、氮与磷的保留率分别为32%～67%、72%～78%和60%～62%。用渗滤液灌溉的小麦较之清水灌溉和常规灌溉的小麦,麦穗单重分别提高13%和7.5%。