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991.
在研究分析葫芦岛有色金属集团近年来废气治理情况的基础上,根据葫芦岛市工业区环境空气质量监测数据,通过环境空气综合污染指数评价和Spearman秩相关系数评价,分析了废气治理对环境空气质量的影响.  相似文献   
992.
    
This paper deals with inference on extremes of heavy‐tailed distributions. We assume distribution functions F of Pareto‐type, where the right‐tail behavior of F is characterized by a strictly positive parameter γ, the so‐called extreme value index (EVI). In some applications, observations from closely related variables are available, with possibly identical EVI γ. If these variables are observed for the same time period, a procedure called BEAR estimator has recently been proposed. We modify this approach allowing for different observation periods and pairwise extreme value dependence of the variables. In addition, we present a new test for equality of the EVI. As an application, we discuss regional flood frequency analysis, where we want to combine rather short sequences of univariate observations with very different lengths measured at many gauges for joint inference. We illustrate our findings on peak discharges from 18 river gauges located at the Mulde basin in Germany, which is known for its severe summer floods, and identify relevant heterogeneous tail behavior, which is not detected by other popular methods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
993.
随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,污染物的排放量也越来越大,节能减排已经成为中国最重要的环保政策。要想实现节能减排,关键是实现从末端治理到污染预防的转变。本设计从源头控制的角度出发,结合中国社会经济的发展情况,运用预警理论和多种数学分析工具,研究建立了基于中国两大约束性指标SO2和COD的污染减排预警系统。该系统旨在对中国各省份的污染减排状况趋势进行预测和评估预警,最终通过一组类似于交通信号灯的标志发布预警信号,从而更加直观地反映出全国各省市的减排形势,为决策者提供形象、直观的理论依据。  相似文献   
994.
大气飘尘对大鼠肺细胞的毒性比较   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用大白鼠气管内注入飘尘后分析肺灌洗液的方法,比较了上海不同地区飘尘对大鼠肺细胞的毒性;再运用毒性指数及效应指数,综合评价了上海市不同地区大气飘尘污染的状况。研究表明:从肺灌洗液的生化成份分析及细胞分类显示,以彭浦新村、隆昌路平凉路、康定路胶州路3个点的飘尘毒性较大。综合评价结果,彭浦新村的效应指数最大,以后依次为康定路胶州路、鲁班路斜土路、青云路、隆昌路平凉路等。  相似文献   
995.
通过DNA提取,PCR扩增和DGGE分离,用BLAST程序进行相似性比较分析体系中微生物群落多样性。所有序列与数据库中16S rDNA序列的相似性在94%~100%之间。从整个挂膜过程考虑,挂膜时间应在8天左右。渗滤液中污染物的去除与投加EM有很大的关系,但是渗滤液中原始菌种的贡献同样不可忽视。投加EM菌剂促进了渗滤液中群落结构演替和功能优化,并最终通过EM菌剂和渗滤液中原始菌群的共同作用实现渗滤液处理系统效能提高和完善。  相似文献   
996.
    
Air pollution has a serious fallout on human health, and the influences of the different urban morphological characteristics on air pollutants cannot be ignored. In this study, the relationship between urban morphology and air quality (wind speed, CO, and PM2.5) in residential neighborhoods at the meso-microscale was investigated. The changes in the microclimate and pollutant diffusion distribution in the neighborhood under diverse weather conditions were simulated by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). This study identified five key urban morphological parameters (Building Density, Average Building Height, Standard Deviation of Building Height, Mean Building Volume, and Degree of Enclosure) which significantly impacted the diffusion and distribution of pollutants in the neighborhood. The findings of this study suggested that three specific strategies (e.g. volume of a single building should be reduced, DE should be increased) and one comprehensive strategy (the width and height of the single building should be reduced while the number of single buildings should be increased) could be illustrated as an optimized approach of urban planning to relief the air pollution. The result of the combined effects could provide a reference for mitigating air pollution in sustainable urban environments.  相似文献   
997.
    
In this paper, we investigate the relationship between return levels of a process and the strength of serial correlation present in the extremes of that process. Estimates of long period return levels are often used as design requirements, and peaks over thresholds analyses have, in the past, been used to obtain such estimates. However, analyses based on such declustering schemes are extremely wasteful of data, often resulting in great estimation uncertainty represented by very wide confidence intervals. Using simulated data, we show that—provided the extremal index is estimated appropriately—using all threshold excesses can give more accurate and precise estimates of return levels, allowing us to avoid altogether the sometimes arbitrary process of cluster identification. We then apply our method to two data examples concerning sea‐surge and wind‐speed extremes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
998.
为了定量进行环境影响评价,对评价指标给出分级评价标准。建立了分层评价指标体系,一层指标选择社会环境、生态环境、环境空气和环境噪声四大方面:二层指标共有13个。根据相关规范以及研究成果对部分评价指标的分级标准进行换算计算,其他指标根据调研的广东省3条高速公路(开阳高速、粤赣高速、京珠高速粤北段)进行评价指标的样本量计算。最终得到高速公路环境影响评价分级标准,以广东省潮惠高速公路作为实例得到了应用。  相似文献   
999.
深圳水环境容量及其承载力评价   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
选取水资源、水环境和社会经济三大系统的19个指标,构建了区域水环境承载力评价指标体系,采用河道一维模型和多极关联评价模型分别对深圳水环境容量及其承载力进行评价. 结果表明:深圳水环境容量CODCr为195 405.3 t/a,NH3-N为6 570.4 t/a;2008年NH3-N排放量超过环境容量的57.2%. 尽管CODCr排放量低于环境容量上限水平,但由于近岸海域水环境容量大,而实际入河排放量远超河流水环境容量,河流污染较为严重,水环境问题突出. 2008年深圳水环境可持续承载度为0.4,水环境承载力处于预警状态,接近危机状态,总体上处于不可持续发展的轨迹上. 结合深圳水环境承载力实际提出的三大对策建议为调整产业结构、加大污染治理力度以及从境外引水.   相似文献   
1000.
    
Defining the optimal configuration of all habitats required during a life cycle, called vital habitat, is a necessary step for effective management of riverine fishes and restoration of river habitats. Landscape ecology provides many metrics and methods to study the composition and configuration of habitats, but they need to be adapted for fishes in river environments or riverscapes. For example, hydrographic distance seems more appropriate than Euclidean distance for measuring distances between vital habitats in riverscapes. We adapted some metrics to assess habitats patterns of a threatened cyprinid species (Barbus barbus) for natural and artificial riverscapes of the Seine river, France. Composition metrics provided essential quantification of the relative abundance of the vital habitats, whereas configuration metrics were relevant to quantify their spatial arrangement and spatial relationships. Nearest‐neighbor hydrographic distance was useful to evaluate the influence of flow variability in the natural riverscape, but was not relevant to discriminate the artificial riverscape from the natural one. Conversely, a proximity index revealed high fragmentation in the artificial riverscape. Spatial habitat relationships between feeding and resting habitats, evaluated with a moving window analysis, provided a map of daily activity patches and emphasized the gaps in the biological continuity of the riverscape. The spatial metrics and methods we adapted to the particularities of the Seine river allowed us to detect natural and artificial variability in fish habitat patterns. They should help in evaluating impacts of habitat alteration and isolation and prioritize preservation and restoration policies in human‐impacted rivers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
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